Fig. 1. Principle diagram of DFT

Fig. 2. Buildup dynamics of dissipative soliton. (a) Spatio-spectral characteristics; (b) spatio-temporal characteristics; (c) side view of spatio-temporal characteristics; (d) pulse energy evolution[26]

Fig. 3. Buildup dynamics of conventional soliton. (a) Spatio-spectral characteristics; (b) spatio-temporal characteristics; (c) side view of spatio-temporal characteristics; (d) pulse energy evolution[27]

Fig. 4. Polarization-resolved measurement of polarization rotation vector soliton with period of eight roundtrips. (a) Pulse trains; (b) pulse trains after DFT; (c) (d) real-time spectra[35]

Fig. 5. Pulsating soliton with chaotic behavior. (a) Spectrum from optical spectrum analyzer; (b) radio frequency (RF) spectrum; (c) autocorrelation trace; (d) pulse train; (e) real-time spectra, inset: energy evolution and typical single-shot spectrum; (f) spectra and energy evolution for 500 roundtrips[38]

Fig. 6. Real-time spectra in regime of “successive soliton explosions” [41]

Fig. 7. Experimental measurement results of soliton explosions in double-soliton regime. (a) (b) Temporal evolutions of solitons; (c) real-time spectral dynamics recorded by DFT technique; (d) energy evolution, inset is enlarged evolution for 400 roundtrips; (e)-(g) spectra for typical roundtrips[45]

Fig. 8. Experimental observation of soliton molecular features. (a) Oscillating phase; (b) vibration; (d) divergent sliding phase; (c) temporal separation between two pulses [47]

Fig. 9. Buildup dynamics of multi-pulse mode-locking. (a) Spatio-temporal evolution of interfering multi-pulse mode-locking; (b) spatio-spectral evolution of interfering pulses iii; (c) spectral intensity correlation map of interfering pulses; (d) temporal separation evolution of interfering pulses[31]

Fig. 10. Spatio-temporal intensity dynamics of four typical pulse trains in soliton explosion regime[55]