Fig. 1. Modal decomposition of STOV pulse and focused STOV pulse in LP modes. (a) Spatiotemporal intensity and phase profile of a STOV pulse (l=+1); (b) spatial intensity profile of LP01 and LP11 modes in SMF-28; (c) STOV pulse (l=+1) synthesized by LP modes; (d) complex coefficient for LP modes for synthesizing a STOV pulse. (e) spatiotemporal intensity and phase profile of a focused STOV pulse (l=+1); (f) focused STOV pulse (l=+1) synthesized by LP modes; (g) complex coefficient for LP modes for synthesizing a focused STOV pulse.

Fig. 2. Numerical propagation of focused STOV pulse in few-mode fiber. (a) Unchirped focused STOV pulse; (b) unchirped focused STOV pulse with GVM between LP modes set at zero; (c) unchirped focused STOV pulse with GVD of each LP mode set at zero; (d) chirped focused STOV pulse.

Fig. 3. Schematic for transmitting and measuring STOV pulse through few-mode optical fiber. The system is pumped by a home-built Yb:fiber laser system. One replica of the laser output is spatiotemporally modulated to a STOV pulse. It is then coupled into a few-mode fiber (SMF-28) by a high-NA aspherical lens mounted on a 3D translation stage. Another replica of the laser output is compressed and delay-controlled to serve as a probe pulse to measure the transmitted STOV pulse.

Fig. 4. 3D measurement results for positively chirped STOV pulse transmitted by few-mode optical fiber. (a) Topological charge l=+1 and (b) topological charge l=−1. The STOV pulse has an initial GDD of 36,000fs2 before fiber transmission.

Table 1. Propagation parameters for LP01 and LP11 modes of SMF-28.