Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the optical path and detection position of the capillary cell
Fig. 2. Capillary cell simulation model
Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of the detection point of the capillary cell
Fig. 4. Influence of electrode length on the electric field intensity. (a) Influence of electrode length on the electric field intensity of different detection positions; (b) influence of different electrode lengths on the electric field intensity of the detection center
Fig. 5. Relationship between electrode length and electric field intensity change rate
Fig. 6. Models of capillary cells with different structures
Fig. 7. Electric field intensity of the semicircular capillary cell. (a) Overall electric field intensity diagram; (b) electric field intensity in the detection area
Fig. 8. Electric field intensity of the U-shaped capillary cell. (a) Overall electric field intensity diagram; (b) electric field intensity in the detection area
Fig. 9. Electric field intensity of the inverted Ω-shaped capillary cell. (a) Overall electric field intensity diagram; (b) electric field intensity in the detection area
Fig. 10. Electric field intensity of the H-shaped capillary cell. (a) Overall electric field intensity diagram; (b) electric field intensity in the detection area
Fig. 11. Electric field intensity of the triangular capillary cell. (a) Overall electric field intensity diagram; (b) electric field intensity in the detection area
Fig. 12. Changes of electric field intensity in the detection area of capillary cells with different structures
Component | Material | Relative permittivity | Conductivity /(S·m-1) |
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Electrode | Gold-plated copper | 1.0 | 4.10×107 | Capillary cell wall | Polycarbonate | 3.2 | 3.15×10-13 |
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Table 1. Capillary cell material properties
Sample cell type | Electric field intensity /(V·m-1) |
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n=0.6 mm | n=0.4 mm | n=0.2 mm | n=0 mm | n=-0.2 mm | n=-0.4 mm | n=-0.6 mm |
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Semicircular capillary cell | 3270 | 3016 | 2801 | 2615 | 2451 | 2309 | 2190 | U-shaped capillary cell | 2787 | 2753 | 2713 | 2670 | 2629 | 2593 | 2566 | Inverted Ω-shaped cell | 2605 | 2596 | 2586 | 2575 | 2564 | 2554 | 2547 | H-shaped capillary cell | 2735 | 2715 | 2691 | 2665 | 2640 | 2619 | 2603 | Triangular capillary cell | 2582 | 2578 | 2573 | 2567 | 2558 | 2551 | 2546 |
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Table 2. Electric field intensity values at different positions in the detection area of the capillary cell
Sample cell type | Electric field intensity change rate /% |
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n=0.6 mm | n=0.4 mm | n=0.2 mm | n=0 mm | n=-0.2 mm | n=-0.4 mm | n=-0.6 mm |
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Semicircular capillary cell | 25.05 | 15.33 | 7.11 | 0.00 | -6.27 | -11.70 | -16.25 | U-shaped capillary cell | 4.38 | 3.11 | 1.61 | 0.00 | -1.54 | -2.88 | -3.90 | Inverted Ω-shaped cell | 1.17 | 0.82 | 0.43 | 0.00 | -0.43 | -0.82 | -1.09 | H-shaped capillary cell | 2.63 | 1.88 | 0.98 | 0.00 | -0.94 | -1.73 | -2.33 | Triangular capillary cell | 0.58 | 0.43 | 0.23 | 0.00 | -0.35 | -0.62 | -0.82 |
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Table 3. Electric field intensity change rate at different positions in the detection area of the capillary cell
Sample cell type | Bending coefficient | Electric field intensity at the detection center /(V·m-1) | Electric field intensity change rate /% |
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Semicircular capillary cell | 1.00 | 2615 | 33.02 | U-shaped capillary cell | 0.88 | 2670 | 7.93 | H-shaped capillary cell | 0.69 | 2665 | 4.83 | Inverted Ω-shaped cell | 0.57 | 2575 | 2.23 | Triangular capillary cell | 0.22 | 2567 | 1.39 |
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Table 4. Influence of the bending degree of the capillary cell on the electric field intensity at the detection center
Sample cell type | Axial distance between the electrodes /mm | Electric field intensity at the detection center /(V·m-1) | Average value of electric field intensity /(V·m-1) |
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Semicircular capillary cell | 67.13 | 2615 | 2652 | U-shaped capillary cell | 68.40 | 2670 | 2673 | H-shaped capillary cell | 69.70 | 2665 | 2666 | Inverted Ω-shaped cell | 69.88 | 2575 | 2575 | Triangular capillary cell | 70.68 | 2567 | 2565 |
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Table 5. Relationship of the axial distance between electrodes and electric field intensity at the detection center