The existing radiation cooling device is not self-adaptive, that is, it can only lower the temperature but not increase the temperature. In order to achieve the dual functions of heating and cooling, and can automatically switch with the change of ambient temperature, this article focuses on an adaptive temperature regulator based on vanadium dioxide, and systematically discusses its photothermal control principles, technical bottlenecks, and implementation methods. The combination method of transmission matrix and genetic algorithm is used to design and optimize the multilayer structure integrated by the resonant cavity and the filter, and obtain the excellent photothermal control performance of solar absorption ratio of 0.1, high temperature emissivity of 0.76 and emissivity difference of 0.7. On this basis, the real-time temperature response of the optimized structure is predicted according to the actual environment, and its adaptive temperature control function is verified theoretically. This research provides an alternative solution for adaptive temperature control based on vanadium dioxide, and provides a corresponding technical reserve for the development of intelligent thermal control technology.