Fig. 1. Metalens structure and corresponding optical properties. (a) Three-dimensional (3D) schematic diagram of the metalens. (b) 3D schematic diagram of rectangular annular element. (c) Top view of rectangular annular element. (d) Optimized results of the transmission (blue line) and phase shift (black dots). (e) Intensity distribution profile of the X–Z plane at y=0μm. (f) Intensity distribution profile of the X–Y plane at z=9.5μm. (g) FWHM of the metalens at a focal point.

Fig. 2. OSA designs and corresponding MTFs. (a) The Ring6 aperture and parameters in OSA designs. (b) The Ring6 design. (c) The Golay6 design. (d) The Tri-arm7 design. (e) 1D MTF comparison (Ring6, Golay6, and Tri-arm7). (f) 1D MTF comparison (individual metalens, Ring6, effective aperture of Ring6).

Fig. 3. The simulated imaging results restored by Tikhonov regularization. (a) Original image. (b) Restored image of individual subaperture. (c) Restored image of Ring6. (d) Restored image of effective aperture of Ring6.