Fig. 1. TIR collimating lens. (a) Diagram of section structure; (b) stereograms of different perspectives

Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of surface shape and light collimation of TIR collimating lens with 100-nm aperture

Fig. 3. One-dimension intensity I distribution of outgoing beams from each part and entirety of TIR collimating lens. (a) Core part; (b) edge part; (c) entirety

Fig. 4. Two-dimension illuminance E distribution of entire outgoing beams from TIR collimating lens at different illumination distances. (a) 55 mm away from source; (b) 150 mm away from source; (c) 260 mm away from source; (d) 360 mm away from source; (e) 490 mm away from source; (f) 860 mm away from source; (g) 1.2 m away from source; (h) 1.4 m away from source; (i) 12 m away from source

Fig. 5. One-dimension illuminance E distribution of the outgoing beams from each part and entirety of TIR collimating lens at different illumination distances. (a) 55 mm away from source; (b) 150 mm away from source; (c) 260 mm away from source; (d) 360 mm away from source; (e) 490 mm away from source; (f) 860 mm away from source; (g) 1.2 m away from source; (h) 1.4 m away from source; (i) 12 m away from source

Fig. 6. One-dimension intensity I distribution of outgoing beams from each part and entirety of TIR collimating lens with 150 mm aperture. (a) Core part; (b) edge part; (c) entirety

Fig. 7. Two-dimension illuminance E distribution of entire outgoing beams from TIR collimating lens at different illumination distances. (a) 1.1 m away from source; (b) 2.65 m away from source; (c) 18 m away from source

Fig. 8. One-dimension illuminance E distribution of outgoing beams from each part and entirety of TIR collimating lens at different illumination distances. (a) 1.1 m away from source; (b) 2.65 m away from source; (c) 18 m away from source

Fig. 9. Schematic diagram of surface shape and light collimation of plano-convex lens with 30° collecting angle

Fig. 10. One-dimension intensity I distribution of outgoing beams from plano-convex collimating lens

Fig. 11. Two-dimension (left) and one-dimension (right) illuminance E distribution of plano-convex collimating lens at different illumination distances. (a) 116 mm away from source; (b) 10 m away from source

Fig. 12. Comparison of light distribution effects of various light distribution elements. (a) Intensity distribution; (b) one-dimension illuminance distribution at 25 m away from source

Fig. 13. Photos of various light distribution elements.（a）TIR lens with 100-mm aperture；（b）TIR lens with 150-mm aperture；（c）plano-convex lens

Fig. 14. Illumination spots of various collimating illumination systems. (a) TIR lens with 100-mm aperture; (b) TIR lens with 150-mm aperture; (c) plano-convex lens

Fig. 15. Measured one-dimension illuminance E distribution of various collimating illumination systems

Table 1. Comparison of light distribution characteristics of various light distribution elements

Table 2. Comparison of measured performance parameters of various collimating illumination systems