Fig. 1. Experimental system of SPAD-VLC based on HDD indicator. (a) Schematic of experiment; (b) schematic of experimental link
Fig. 2. Comparison between traditional OOK modulation and PWLSK modulation. (a) Schematic of clock drift; (b) schematic of waveform
Fig. 3. Flow chart of signal generation process
Fig. 4. Statistical results of signal parameters. (a) Linearity analysis for data block size and mean time; (b) distribution fitting of data block with size of 4 Kbit
Fig. 5. Actual waveform modulated by PWLSK
Fig. 6. Mean value and variance value of photons. (a) Mean value; (b) variance value
Fig. 7. Average data rate and BER of each data block selection scheme
Fig. 8. Performance comparison between OOK scheme and PWLSK scheme
Fig. 9. BER of PWLSK scheme and OOK scheme under different λ0
Fig. 10. Achievement exhibiting of terminal interface. (a) Sending terminal; (b) receiving terminal
OS operation | HDD LED state |
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Read/write | LED-ON for Ton(S) | Sleep | LED-OFF for Toff |
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Table 1. Corresponding time of system operations
Size of datablock | Mean time of‘1’/μs | Standarddeviation(SD) of ‘1’ | Mean timeof ‘0’/μs | SD of ‘0’ |
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512 bit | 16.99 | 2.081031255 | 46.00 | 7.39 | 1 Kbit | 22.26 | 0.992079378 | 45.00 | 6.51 | 2 Kbit | 25.69 | 0.923113752 | 49.87 | 6.33 | 4 Kbit | 29.02 | 2.492730863 | 151.01 | 47.52 | 8 Kbit | 43.59 | 8.237449243 | 167.75 | 34.18 | 16 Kbit | 72.94 | 9.207778145 | 233.91 | 34.56 | 32 Kbit | 132.97 | 14.416490390 | 405.52 | 52.65 | 64 Kbit | 252.56 | 19.134171000 | 526.45 | 47.55 | 128 Kbit | 485.37 | 20.323264890 | 903.53 | 105.49 | 256 Kbit | 1194.79 | 40.334883100 | 1849.08 | 215.64 | 512 Kbit | 2522.98 | 78.288233400 | 3319.68 | 280.03 | 1 Mbit | 4884.80 | 115.300698300 | 6149.43 | 300.75 | 2 Mbit | 24692.01 | 2021.909583000 | 19701.97 | 5526.06 | 4 Mbit | 42324.28 | 3244.816692000 | 41420.29 | 9187.67 | 8 Mbit | 80702.07 | 3852.408366000 | 71546.44 | 7384.11 |
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Table 2. Statistical result of time required for reading data blocks with different sizes
Size of data block | Average data rate /(bit·s-1) | Simulated BER | Experimental BER |
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1 Kbit & 2 Kbit | 13635 | 3.48×10-1 | 3.89×10-1 | 1 Kbit & 4 Kbit | 7902 | 3.93×10-2 | 4.36×10-2 | 1 Kbit & 8 Kbit | 7133 | 2.01×10-2 | 3.84×10-2 | 1 Kbit & 16 Kbit | 5290 | 7.85×10-5 | 4.97×10-4 | 1 Kbit & 32 Kbit | 3286 | 1.36×10-9 | 6.62×10-7 |
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Table 3. Simulated BER and experimental BER of PWLSK scheme