In this paper, using high-precision timers, photoelectric detectors, and other equipment, the laser transmitting and receiving system delays for a 60-cm receiving telescope aperture system at the Shanghai Observatory are measured and calibrated, with a transmitting telescope aperture of 21 cm. By comparing the result of a target measurement by a space debris laser ranging (SDLR) system on the ground with the measured results of the conventional target measurement, we find that the calibration error of delay is approximately 400 ps. On this basis, using a high-precision clock system in a laser ranging system, SDLR is achieved for the first time in China using a single telescope to send laser pulses and double telescopes with a distance of 2.5 km to receive laser echoes, solving the problem of detection range gate control of echo signals from the remote telescope. This system realizes a range distance of over 1000 km. The proposed method demonstrates the ability to receive laser echoes from space debris from a remote distance on the ground with multiple telescopes.