Urumqi River Basin and Juntanghu Basin, located in the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, were selected as typical study areas. With the portable field spectrometer CI700 produced by CID in the United States and from a large number of field investigations and field measurements in the snowmelt period (usually starts in the end of February or the beginning of March, and goes on for many days) from 2006 to 2009, a variety of spectral curves and their variation of typical ground objects in the snowmelt period in the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains, such as snow, ice, water and soil, were obtained, and spectral characters analysis was carried out based on the collected data. The results showed that the classes of ground objects in snowmelt period are quite monotone, however, a great challenge was brought about to the quantitative remote sensing research on surface parameters in snowmelt period because of the interactive effects of the complex systems of snow-ice-water-soil, the spectral properties of typical ground objects, and their complex changes. Reflectance of soil with different moisture conditions is distinct, as well as reflectance of ice and snow under different environment or dissimilar mixtures have obvious development trends. The series of observations and analysis of the typical and complex spectral features in snowmelt period are of great significance for the fundamental study of objects’ spectral characteristics, as well as for the application of quantitative remote sensing studies.