Author Affiliations
1 Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Electrical Energy Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China2 School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China3 Engineering Research Center of High Power Solid State Lighting Application System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300387, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Parameters of unified glare rating RUGR
Fig. 2. Experimental platform. (a) Experimental photo; (b) diagram of experimental setup
Fig. 3. Relative spectral power distributions of R/G/B/W LED modules
Fig. 4. Principle of driving circuit for R/G/B/W LED source modules
Fig. 5. Four-color LED source modules. (a) W-LED; (b) R-LED; (c) G-LED; (d) B-LED
Fig. 6. Relationship between luminance and subjective evaluations of experimental results of four LED glare sources in three different background luminances. (a) W-LED; (b) R-LED; (c) G-LED; (d) B-LED
Fig. 7. Relationship between luminance and subjective evaluations of experimental results of four LED glare sources after linear interpolation in three different background luminances. (a) Lb=45.833 cd·m-2; (b) Lb=19.967 cd·m-2; (c) Lb=11.750 cd·m-2
Fig. 8. Relationship between RUGR value and subjective evaluations of experimental results for four LED glare sources. (a) W-LED; (b) R-LED; (c) G-LED; (d) B-LED
RUGR | Discomfort glare criterion |
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10 | Imperceptible | 13 | Just perceptible | 16 | Perceptible | 19 | Just acceptable | 22 | Unacceptable | 25 | Just uncomfortable | 28 | Uncomfortable | 31 | Just intolerable | 34 | Intolerable |
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Table 1. Discomfort glare evaluated using RUGR
LED | x | y | Luminous flux /lm | Power /W |
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W-LED | 0.304 | 0.312 | 407.160 | 4.356 | R-LED | 0.686 | 0.314 | 209.060 | 4.157 | G-LED | 0.169 | 0.687 | 224.780 | 5.445 | B-LED | 0.151 | 0.031 | 53.062 | 3.710 |
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Table 2. Parameters of R/G/B/W LED modules in experiment
Item | Light source | |
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W-LED | R-LED | G-LED | B-LED |
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Luminance level | 10 | Background luminance /(cd·m-2) | 45.833, 19.967, 11.750 | Observer | 10 | Total number of ratings | 1200 |
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Table 3. Experimental conditions
Luminancelevel | W-LED /(cd·m-2) | R-LED /(cd·m-2) | G-LED /(cd·m-2) | B-LED /(cd·m-2) |
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1 | 380.760 | 250.720 | 350.220 | 34.268 | 2 | 823.280 | 514.820 | 739.500 | 72.082 | 3 | 1242.600 | 768.100 | 1115.400 | 108.060 | 4 | 1684.400 | 1026.160 | 1507.600 | 146.120 | 5 | 2100.200 | 1271.400 | 1869.000 | 183.680 | 6 | 2543.200 | 1520.400 | 2260.800 | 222.140 | 7 | 2958.600 | 1753.800 | 2628.600 | 258.080 | 8 | 3409.000 | 1985.800 | 3035.400 | 295.120 | 9 | 3852.400 | 2207.400 | 3425.400 | 334.460 | 10 | 4335.000 | 2438.000 | 3839.400 | 342.800 |
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Table 4. Luminances of four LED sources at different luminance levels
Category | Semantic criteria | Description of reaction glare |
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1 | Imperceptible | I am not aware of anything | 2 | Just perceptible | I am aware there is something but cannot tell what it is | 3 | Noticeable | I am aware of the presence of the luminaire but it does not bother me | 4 | Just uncomfortable | I am aware of a luminaire and I wish it was not there | 5 | Uncomfortable | I am aware of a luminaire and I would complain to my supervisor about it | 6 | Just intolerable | I am aware of a luminaire, and if somebody does notdo something about it, I will take direct action myself | 7 | Intolerable | I am aware of a luminaire and I will not stay here a moment longerif somebody does not do something about it, now |
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Table 5. Glare rating scale