A novel distributed passive vehicle tracking technology is proposed and demonstrated. This technology is based on a phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer (Φ-OTDR) that can sense and locate vibrations. Two algorithms, dynamic frequency-space image and 2D digital sliding filtering, are proposed to distinguish a car’s moving signals from severe environmental noises and disturbances. This technology is proved effective by field experiments for tracking a single car and multiple cars. This work provides a new distributed passive way for real-time vehicle tracking and this technology will be extremely important for traffic controlling and public safety in modern society.