To set the reasonable position distribution and the number of phase screens are crucial in the research on beam propagation along inhomogeneous turbulent path. A multilayer atmospheric optimization model is constructed based on the multilayer phase-screen model. Combined with an example of light propagation in two-layer phase-screen model, both the boundary of atmospheric layers and the optimal position of phase screen are calculated under the condition of Hufnagel-Valley 5/7 atmospheric turbulence profile model. And the maximization of Rytov criterion in the two-layer phase screen model is introduced as well. The specific experimental parameters of the above-mentioned model are calculated according to the principles of equal Fresnel number, equal turbulence effect and reduced-scale principle. The experimental and the theoretical data on the probability density distribution of intensity fluctuation and the phase structure function are compared and analyzed. The results show that the trend of intensity fluctuation under different zenith angles is consistent with the lognormal distribution, and the empirical cumulative distribution function of intensity fluctuation in the experiment agrees basically with theoretical results, which indicates that the curve of its probability density distribution has a good fit degree. Although some errors exist in the phase structure functions between test results and theoretical calculation results in the low frequency region, it can be seen that the structure function still approximates a 5/3 power law.