• Photonics Research
  • Vol. 11, Issue 9, 1500 (2023)
Guang Zhu Zhou1、2, Bao-Jie Chen2, Geng-Bo Wu2, Shi-Wei Qu1、*, and Chi Hou Chan2、3
Author Affiliations
  • 1School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 611731, China
  • 2State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Wave, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
  • 3Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
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    DOI: 10.1364/PRJ.485472 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Guang Zhu Zhou, Bao-Jie Chen, Geng-Bo Wu, Shi-Wei Qu, Chi Hou Chan. All-plasmonic optical leaky-wave antenna with a low sidelobe level[J]. Photonics Research, 2023, 11(9): 1500 Copy Citation Text show less

    Abstract

    Optical antennas have received considerable attention in recent years due to their unique ability to convert localized energy to freely propagating radiation and vice versa. Sidelobe level (SLL) is one of the most crucial parameters in antenna design. A low SLL is beneficial to minimize the antenna interference with other optical components. Here a plasmonic optical leaky-wave antenna with low SLL is reported. Shifting spatial frequency by periodically modulating the electric-field amplitude in a plasmonic gap waveguide enables a free-space coupled wave out of the antenna. At the same time, precise control of the aperture fields by the modulation depth allows for reducing SLL. Simulation results indicate that the proposed design can achieve a high directivity of 15.8 dB and a low SLL of -20 dB at the wavelength of 1550 nm. A low SLL below -15 dB is experimentally demonstrated within the wavelength range from 1527 to 1570 nm. In addition, the low-SLL property is further verified by comparing it with a uniformly modulated antenna. By modulating the guided waves in the plasmonic gap waveguide in different forms, the aperture fields can be flexibly arranged to achieve arbitrary wavefront shaping. It bridges the gap between guided and free-space waves and empowers plasmonic integrated devices to control free-space light, thus enabling various free-space functions.
    Ex(y)=Aexp(jkyy),

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    kyn=βyjα+2nπΛ,

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    θ0=arcsin(βyk02πΛk0).

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    α1LIn|S21|,

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    ari=0.5|Ai|21ηi=1N|Ai|2i=1n|Ai|2,

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    g(y)=g0+(p+p1y+p2y2)cos(2πΛy),

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    g(y)=(q+q1y2)+(p+p1y+p2y2)cos(2πΛy),

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    (AF)2M=a1e+12kΛcosθ+a2e+32kΛcosθ++aMe+2M12kΛcosθ+a1e12kΛcosθ+a2e32kΛcosθ++aMe2M12kΛcosθ.(A1)

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    (AF)2M=n=1Mancos[(2n1)u],(A2)

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    Tm(x)=cos[marccos(x)],|x|1,Tm(x)=cosh[marccosh(x)],|x|>1.(A3)

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    Tm(x)=2xTm1(x)Tm2(x).(A4)

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    T1(x)=cos(1u)=x,T3(x)=cos(3u)=4x33x,T5(x)=cos(5u)=16x520x3+5x,T7(x)=cos(7u)=64x7112x5+56x37x,T9(x)=cos(9u)=256x9-576x7+432x5120x3+9x,T11(x)=cos(11u)=512x111280x9+1120x7400x5+50x3x.(A5)

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    (AF)12=[(a13a2+5a37a4+9a5a6)/x0]x+[(4a220a3+56a4120a5+50a6)/x03]x3+[(16a3112a4+432a5400a6)/x05]x5+[(64a4576a5+1120a6)/x07]x7+[(256a51280a6)/x09]x9+(512a6/x011)x11.(A6)

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    Earray(θ,φ)=Eelement(θ,φ)×AF(θ,φ),(B1)

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    AF=A0+A1ej(kdcosβ+φ1)+A2ej(2kdcosβ+φ2)++An1ej[(n1)kdcosβ+φn1],(B2)

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    AF=n=0N1A0ejnψ=A0sin(N2ψ)sin(12ψ),(B3)

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    Guang Zhu Zhou, Bao-Jie Chen, Geng-Bo Wu, Shi-Wei Qu, Chi Hou Chan. All-plasmonic optical leaky-wave antenna with a low sidelobe level[J]. Photonics Research, 2023, 11(9): 1500
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