To optimize the electrical properties of cement matrix composites, carbon fiber (CF) and steel fiber (SF) were added into the composites as conductive materials, and the influence of the volume content of carbon fiber and steel fiber on the compressive strength and electrical properties of cement matrix composites were studied through compressive strength test, AC impedance test, scanning electron microscopy test and heating test. The results show that the compressive strength of carbon fiber-steel fiber cement matrix composites increases first and then decreases with the increase of the content of carbon fiber. The percolation threshold of carbon fiber and steel fiber is 0.35% and 0.6% (both are volume fraction). The electrical conductivity of cement matrix composites is greatly enhanced by adding carbon fiber and steel fiber, and an obvious positive hybrid effect is produced. The continuous increase of fiber content has little effect on the improvement of electrical conductivity after the volume content of carbon fiber and steel fiber reaches the percolation threshold. The values of each circuit element of the equivalent circuit are fitted by ZSimp Win software, and the conductive mechanism is analyzed combined with SEM images. Carbon fiber-steel fiber cement matrix composites have good electrothermal performance, when the input power is 7.9 W, the average temperature reaches 33 ℃, 43 ℃ and 50 ℃ after energizing for 30 min, 60 min and 90 min. The regression equation of temperature with time is obtained by curve fitting.