Author Affiliations
1Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Circuits and Intelligent Information Processing, Chongqing 400715, China2School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China3Brain-inspired Computing & Intelligent Control of Chongqing Key Lab, Chongqing 400715, China4National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Transmission and Control Technology, Chongqing 400715, China5Chongqing Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Chongqing 400715, China6School of Westa, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Lena and its second-order wavelet packet transformation: (a) Original Lena; (b) second order wavelet packet transformation of Lena.Lena图像及其二阶小波包变换 (a)原图; (b)二阶小波包变换
Fig. 2. Flow chart of classification algorithm.分类算法流程图
Fig. 3. One scrambling encryption algorithm flow chart.一次置乱加密流程图
Fig. 4. Ciphertext image of the S signal: (a) Scrambling ciphertext image once; (b) secondary scrambling ciphertext image.
S信号的密文图像 (a) 一次置乱密文图像; (b) 二次置乱密文图像
Fig. 5. Secondary scrambling encryption flow chart of S signal
S信号二次置乱加密流程图
Fig. 6. Image reconstruction flow chart.图像重构流程图
Fig. 7. Original, reconstructed image of Lena: (a) Original image; (b) reconstructed image.Lena图像的明文图像、重构图像 (a)原始图像; (b) Lena重构图像
Fig. 8. More encryption scheme running examples: (a) Original image of Pepper; (b) reconstructed image of Pepper; (c) original image of Cameraman; (d) reconstructed image of Cameraman.更多加密方案运行实例 (a) Pepper原始图像; (b) Pepper重构图像; (c) Cameraman原始图像; (d) Cameraman重构图像
Fig. 9. Correlation distribution of plaintext, ciphertext image in horizontal, vertical and oblique directions of S signal of Lena: (a) Correlation distribution of plaintext of S signal; (b) correlation distribution of ciphertext of S signal.
Lena图像的明文(S信号)、密文图像在水平、竖直、斜线三个方向的相关分布图 (a)明文图像相关分布图; (b) S信号的密文图像相关分布图
Fig. 10. Correlation distribution of plaintext, ciphertext image in horizontal, vertical and oblique directions of S signal of Pepper: (a) Correlation distribution of plaintext of S signal; (b) correlation distribution of ciphertext of S signal.
Pepper图像的明文(S信号)、密文图像在水平、竖直、斜线三个方向的相关分布图 (a)明文图像相关分布图; (b) S信号的密文图像相关分布图
Fig. 11. Correlation distribution of plaintext, ciphertext image in horizontal, vertical and oblique directions of S signal of Cameraman: (a) Correlation distribution of plaintext of S signal; (b) correlation distribution of ciphertext of S signal
Cameraman图像的明文(S信号)、密文图像在水平、竖直、斜线三个方向的相关分布图 (a)明文图像相关分布图; (b) S信号的密文图像相关分布图
Fig. 12. Gray histogram of plaintext and ciphertext of S signal of Lena, Pepper, Cameraman: (a) Gray histogram of plaintext of S signal; (b) gray histogram of plaintext of ciphertext of S signal
Lena, Pepper, Cameraman图像的S信号的明文、密文的灰度直方图 (a) S信号的明文灰度直方图; (b) S信号的密文图像相关分布图
Fig. 13. Reconstruction results of S signals of different images embedded with noise: (a) Reconstruction results of Lena with corresponding Cipher S signal embedded noise; (b) reconstruction results of Pepper with corresponding Cipher S signal embedded noise; (c) reconstruction results of Cameraman with corresponding Cipher S signal embedded noise
不同图像的S信号嵌入噪声后的重构结果 (a) Lena原始图像、嵌入噪声的S信号密文、重构图像; (b) Pepper原始图像、嵌入噪声的S信号密文、重构图像; (c) Cameraman原始图像、嵌入噪声的S信号密文、重构图像
Fig. 14. Reconstruction results of S signals of different images after pixel shearing: (a) Reconstruction results of Lena with corresponding Cipher S signal with 12.5% pixels lost; (b) reconstruction results of Pepper with corresponding Cipher S signal with 12.5% pixels lost; (c) reconstruction results of Cameraman with corresponding Cipher S signal with 12.5% pixels lost
不同图像的S信号像素剪切后的重构结果 (a) Lena原始图像、剪切12.5%像素点后的S信号密文、重构图像; (b) Pepper原始图像、剪切12.5%像素点后的S信号密文、重构图像; (c) Cameraman原始图像、剪切12.5%像素点后的S信号密文、重构图像
Fig. 15. The CPA against the encryption algorithm in this paper针对本文加密算法的选择明文攻击
信号分量 | 0像素点个数 | 0像素点占比/% | C1 | 329 | 8.03 | C2 | 554 | 13.53 | C3 | 703 | 17.16 | C4 | 682 | 16.65 | C5 | 436 | 10.64 | C6 | 917 | 22.39 | C7 | 842 | 20.56 | C8 | 789 | 19.26 |
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Table 1. The number and proportion of 0 pixels in Ci signals in Lena.
Lena图像Ci信号分量0像素点的个数及占比
图像 | 明文图像 | | 密文图像 | 水平 | 竖直 | 斜线 | 水平 | 竖直 | 斜线 | Lena (本文) | 0.9189 | 0.7339 | 0.8097 | | –0.0002 | –0.0004 | 0.0001 | Lena[16] | 0.9180 | 0.7345 | 0.8083 | 0.0032 | 0.0025 | –0.0173
| Lena[17] | 0.9151 | 0.8097 | 0.7484 | –0.0274
| 0.0051 | –0.0117
| Pepper (本文) | 0.8849 | 0.7567 | 0.8323 | –0.0003 | –0.0004 | 0.0003 | Pepper[16] | 0.8827 | 0.8374 | 0.7482 | 0.0210 | 0.0010 | 0.0071 | Pepper[17] | 0.8864 | 0.8398 | 0.7466 | 0.0070 | –0.0198
| –0.0228
| Cameraman (本文) | 0.9275 | 0.8364 | 0.8866 | 0.0004 | 0.0001 | 0.0002 | Cameraman [16] | 0.9339 | 0.8898 | 0.8459 | –0.0035
| –0.0014
| 0.0159 | Cameraman[17] | 0.9280 | 0.8835 | 0.8411 | 0.0277 | 0.0141 | 0.0281 |
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Table 2. Comparisons for the correlation coefficients of different encryption scheme.
比较不同加密方案的相关系数
加密方案 | 明文图像 | 密文图像 | Lena (本文) | 7.3035 | 7.9544 | Lena[16] | — | 7.9642 | Lena[17] | — | 7.9531 | Pepper (本文) | 7.4344 | 7.9633 | Pepper[16] | — | 7.9586 | Pepper[17] | — | 7.9543 | Cameraman (本文) | 6.9571 | 7.9554 | Cameraman[16] | — | 7.9636 | Cameraman[17] | — | 7.9538 |
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Table 3. Comparisons for the entropy of different encryption scheme.
比较不同加密方案的信息熵
图像 | NPCR | UACI | BACI | Lena | 0.9954 | 0.3303 | 0.2682 | Pepper | 0.9944 | 0.3305 | 0.2657 | Cameraman | 0.9966 | 0.3394 | 0.2684 |
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Table 4. NPCR, UACI, BACI of different images after changed 1 bit.
修改1 bit像素点后不同图像(S信号)的NPCR, UACI, BACI
图像 | wPSNR | SSIM | Lena | 48.90 | 0.9898 | Pepper | 50.33 | 0.9927 | Cameraman | 43.34 | 0.9736 |
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Table 5. wPSNR and SSIM of different images after processed by scheme in this paper.
本文算法处理下不同图像的wPSNR和SSIM
图像 | WPT分解及分类 | 压缩及重构 | 加密及解密 | 整体重构 | 总耗时/s | Lena | 0.600 s | 8.893 s | 1.098 s | 0.377 s | 10.968 | Pepper | 0.734 s | 7.815 s | 1.105 s | 0.362 s | 10.016 | Cameraman | 0.617 s | 3.908 s | 1.901 s | 0.353 s | 6.799 |
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Table 6. Algorithm proposed deals with the time complexity of different images.
本文算法处理不同图像时的时间复杂度