• Infrared and Laser Engineering
  • Vol. 52, Issue 9, 20220892 (2023)
Jiaqi Shao1,2,3, Honglei Chen1,3, and Ruijun Ding1,3
Author Affiliations
  • 1Key Laboratory of Infrared Imaging Materials and Detectors, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
  • 2School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai 200120, China
  • 3University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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    DOI: 10.3788/IRLA20220892 Cite this Article
    Jiaqi Shao, Honglei Chen, Ruijun Ding. Linear APD hybrid time-of-flight ranging model and readout circuit design[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2023, 52(9): 20220892 Copy Citation Text show less
    Four-phase ranging integration situation
    Fig. 1. Four-phase ranging integration situation
    Circuit system structure
    Fig. 2. Circuit system structure
    Pixel circuit
    Fig. 3. Pixel circuit
    Hybrid ranging model
    Fig. 4. Hybrid ranging model
    Two phase ranging
    Fig. 5. Two phase ranging
    Effect of ambient light on precision
    Fig. 6. Effect of ambient light on precision
    Effect of clock frequency on precision
    Fig. 7. Effect of clock frequency on precision
    Main circuit layout
    Fig. 8. Main circuit layout
    Linearity test
    Fig. 9. Linearity test
    (a) Hybrid ranging results; (b) Accuracy error of the 29th subperiod
    Fig. 10. (a) Hybrid ranging results; (b) Accuracy error of the 29th subperiod
    PerformanceRef.[4] Ref.[6] Ref.[9] Ref.[10] Ref.[11] Ref.[12] Ref.[13] This paper
    TOF typeDirectDirectIndirectHybridHybridIndirectIndirectHybrid
    Technology/nm18018018065-130110180
    Resolution320×25664×6464×641200×900640 $ \times $480 512 $ \times $424 64×645×5
    Pixel size/μm305020610103250
    Input stageCTIACTIACTIADIDIDICTIACTIA
    DetectorLM-APDGM-APDPDGM-APDPD-LM-APDLM-APD
    Range/m30613.57.5250400.8-4.22108.75
    Nonlinearity-1.1%---0.75%0.2%
    Precision/cm111531.510-150402.16.811.355
    Modulation Frequency/MHz--2.55090/110802525
    Frame/fps7200002645030309666700
    Table 1. Comparison of performance in this paper with advanced designs
    Jiaqi Shao, Honglei Chen, Ruijun Ding. Linear APD hybrid time-of-flight ranging model and readout circuit design[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2023, 52(9): 20220892
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