To improve the bonding performance of 5052 aluminum alloy, the laser texturing experiment on aluminum alloy specimens was carried out by using the short pulse and high peak power characteristics of pulsed fiber laser. Through the orthogonal experiment method, the effects of process parameters such as the average power, scanning speed, pulse frequency, pulse width and other parameters on the quality of laser texturing, as well as the influence weight of each process parameter, and the best process parameters are obtained. The best process parameters are average power 90 W, scanning speed 10mm/s, pulse frequency 1000 kHz, and pulse width 200 ns. According to the optimized parameters, a good area with roughness 2.35 μm is obtained. Then a single-lap tensile test on the aluminum alloy specimens after laser texturing was carried out. The study found that the bonding strength would increase with the increase of roughness, when the roughness reached a certain level, the bonding strength would decrease with the increase of roughness. In addition, the bonding strength is also closely related to the type and density of the microtexture on the surface of the aluminum alloy.