With the explosive development of aerospace technology and the rapid advancement in space power, space activities have become increasingly frequent. As a result, a huge amount of space debris is generated, which seriously threatens the safety of on-orbit spacecraft and astronauts. Considering the potential danger brought by space debris, it is particularly important to quickly observe the state of space debris and obtain characteristic information such as size, shape, and motion states. This paper summarizes the existing space-based space-debris observation systems and their technical means and puts forward some development suggestions to explore the development trends of space-based space-debris observation means and provide a reference for the construction of future space-based space-debris observation systems.