Fig. 1. Schematic of the optical principle of projection lithography
Fig. 2. Schematic of partial coherent illumination
Fig. 3. Calculation of solid angle of off-axis beam
Fig. 4. Diagram of exit pupil regionalism
Fig. 5. Structure diagram of relay lens set of illumination system
Fig. 6. Relative illumination of conventional illumination of different σ
Fig. 7. Relative illumination of annular illumination of different σ
Fig. 8. Simulation for relay lens set of illumination system
Fig. 9. Simulated relative illumination of conventional illumination of different σ
Fig. 10. Simulated relative illumination of annular illumination of different σ
Fig. 11. Experimental device of illumination uniformity
Fig. 12. Illumination field and normalized integrated illumination profile
Fig. 13. Experimental relative integrated illumination of different σ
Item | Parameters |
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Magnification | -2.5× | Image field of view | 104 mm×32 mm | Numerical aperture | NA=0.205 (σ=1) | Variable range of σ | [0.16,1] | Illumination uniformity | ≤2.5% (transient) |
|
Table 1. Parameters of the Relay Lens
Relative pupil or σ | 1 | 3/4 | 1/2 | 1/4 | 1/8 |
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Image NA | 0.205 00 | 0.153 75 | 0.102 5 | 0.051 25 | 0.025 62 |
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Table 2. Numerical aperture corresponding to coherence factor under conventional illumination
Relative pupil or σ | [1,3/4] | [3/4,1/2] | [1/2,1/4] | [1/4,1/8] |
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Image NA | [0.205,0.153 75] | [0.153 75,0.102 5] | [0.102 5,0.051 25] | [0.051 25,0.025 62] |
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Table 3. Numerical aperture corresponding to coherence factor under annular illumination
| Conventional illumination | Annular illumination |
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Target value | Non⁃uniformity ≤2.5% | Relative pupil | 1 | 3/4 | 1/2 | 1/4 | 1/8 | 1~3/4 | 3/4~1/2 | 1/2~1/4 | 1/4~1/8 | Uniformity /% | 0.25 | 0.38 | 0.71 | 0.69 | 0.76 | 0.85 | 0.29 | 0.71 | 0.68 |
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Table 4. Illumination uniformity of convention illumination and annular illumination under different coherence factors
| Conventional illumination | Annular illumination |
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Target value | Non⁃uniformity ≤2.5% | Relative pupil | 1 | 3/4 | 1/2 | 1/4 | 1/8 | 1~3/4 | 3/4~1/2 | 1/2~1/4 | 1/4~1/8 | Uniformity/% | 0.13 | 0.22 | 0.20 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.16 | 0.48 | 0.23 | 0.33 |
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Table 5. Simulated illumination uniformity of convention illumination and annular illumination under different coherence factors
| Conventional illumination | Annular illumination |
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Target value | Non⁃uniformity ≤1.5% | Relative pupil | 0.28 | 0.88 | 0.47~0.72 | 0.54~0.83 | 0.64~0.88 | Uniformity/% | 1.13% | 0.35% | 0.65% | 0.81% | 1.21% |
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Table 6. Experimental illumination uniformity of convention illumination and annular illumination