Pyrite, limonite, red ochre, and magnet are iron-containing mineral medicines. There are many fake or mixed-use phenomena in the market. This is directly related to the inaccuracy of mineralogical identification. This article aims to conduct mineralogical and spectroscopic identification of four iron-containing mineral medicines through character observation and mirror identification using scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), and semi-quantitative trace elements spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy(IR). The results are as follows: (1) The character identification shows that pyrite and limonite belong to pyrite, the red ochre is hematite mixed with a small amount of limonite, and the magnet is magnetite. (2) The reflectance of pyrite measured by the reflector is about 53%, the reflectance of limonite is about 50%, the reflectance of red ochre is about 47%, and the reflectance of the magnet is about 20%. There is no internal reflection, and it is a homogeneous body. (3) SEM observation revealed that the pyrite is cubic, the limonite is a nodular aggregate, the red ochre is granular, and the magnet is massive. (4) XRD results show that the main diffraction lines in pyrite are 2.704 (10), 1.631 (9), 1.912 (8), 2.704 (10), 2.513 (8). The content of pyrite and limonite is about 95%, 5%. The main diffraction lines in limonite are 2.705 (10), 1.631 (10), and the content of pyrite is about 99%. The main diffraction lines in the red ochre sample are 2.702 (10), 2.519 (9), and the content of hematite is about 95%,and 3.351 (10), 4.250 (8), 1.800 (8), quartz is about 97%. The main diffraction lines in the magnet sample are 7.030(10), 2.957(9), 2.525(8), 2.094(7), 1.460(6). the content of the magnet is about 98%. (5) Semi-quantitative analysis of trace element spectroscopy shows that the types of trace elements are Cu, Mo, Co, and Mn, but pyrite contains Yb, B, limonite contains Pb, Sn, Ni, Yb, red ochre contains Zn, Pb, Ga, V, Ge, In, and magnet contains Zn, Pb, Ni , Be, Sr. (6) The IR shows that the characteristic spectrum lines of pyrite are 417, 343 cm^-1; the limonite is 413, 345 cm^-1; the red ochre is 569 cm^-1, and the magnet is 1 083, 531, 452, 320 cm^-1. It is not easy to effectively distinguish the four iron-containing mineral medicines by simply using the character identification, while supplemented by infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction tests can effectively identify them.