Compressed sensing imaging can break through the limitation of Nyquist sampling theorem and realize sub sampling imaging, and has the advantages of dimension-reducing detection and high-throughput acquisition. In this paper, we reviewed the research progresses of compressed sensing theory in single-photon imaging and imaging spectra and analyzed compressed sensing single-photon imaging spectroscopy in detail. The influence and removal methods of pile-up effects in compressed sensing time-resolved imaging was discussed. The application of compressed sensing in the field of single-photon time-resolved imaging spectroscopy was summarized.