[1] American Cancer Society, "Cancer Facts & Figures 2015," (2015).

[2] Canadian Cancer Society, "Special topic: Predictions of the future burden of cancer in Canada," (2015).

[3] L. Tabar, P. B. Dean, "A new era in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer," Breast J. 16(Suppl 1), S2–S4 (2010).

[4] H. D. Nelson, K. Tyne, A. Naik, C. Bougatsos, B. K. Chan, L. Humphrey, "Screening for breast cancer: Systematic evidence review update for the U. S. preventive services task force," Ann. Intern. Med. 151(10), 716–726 (2009).

[5] A. B. de Gonzalez S. Darby, "Risk of cancer from diagnostic X-rays: Estimates for the UK and 14 other countries," Lancet 363(9406), 345–351 (2004).

[6] C. M. Ronckers, C. A. Erdmann, C. E. Land, "Radiation and breast cancer: A review of current evidence," Breast Cancer Res. 7(1), 21–32 (2005).

[7] A. Hassan, M. El-Shenawee, "Review of electromagnetic techniques for breast cancer detection," IEEE Rev. Biomed. Eng. 4, 103–118 (2011).

[8] T. Vo-dinh, Biomedical Photonics Handbook, CRC Press: Boca Raton, London, New York (2003).

[9] D. A. Boas, C. Pitris, N. Ramanujam, Handbook of Biomedical Optics, CRC Press: Boca Raton, London, New York (2011).

[10] L. V. Wang, H. Wu, Biomedical Optics: Principles and Imaging, Wiley-Interscience, John Wiley & Sons Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey (2007).

[11] M. L. Flexman, H. K. Kim, R. Stoll, M. A. Khalil, C. J. Fong, A. H. Hielscher, "A wireless handheld probe with spectrally constrained evolution strategies for diffuse optical imaging of tissue," Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83(3), 033108 (2012).

[12] S. K. Biswas, K. Rajan, R. M. Vasu, "Diffuse optical tomographic imager using a single light source," J. Appl. Phys. 105(2), 024702 (2009).

[13] S. J. Erickson, A. Godavarty, S. L. Martinez, J. Gonzalez, A. Romero, M. Roman, A. Nunez, J. Ge, S. Regalado, R. Kiszonas, C. Lopez-Penalver, "Handheld optical devices for breast cancer: Spectroscopy and 3-D Tomographic imaging," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 18(4), 1298–1312 (2012).

[14] S. J. Erickson, A. Godavarty, "Hand-held based near-infrared optical imaging devices: A review," Med. Eng. Phys. 31(5), 495–509 (2009).

[15] K. S. No, Q. Xie, R. Kwong, A. Cerussi, B. J. Tromberg, P. H. Chou, "HBS: A Handheld breast cancer detector based on frequency domain photon migration with full heterodyne," 2006 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conf., pp. 114–117, Nov. 2006. Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference, BioCAS 2006. IEEE, London.

[16] H. Yang, L. Xi, S. Samuelson, H. Xie, L. Yang, H. Jiang, "Handheld miniature probe integrating diffuse optical tomography with photoacoustic imaging through a MEMS scanning mirror," Biomed. Opt. Express 4(3), 427–432 (2013).

[17] A. Cerussi, N. Shah, D. Hsiang, A. Durkin, J. Butler, B. J. Tromberg, "In vivo absorption, scattering, and physiologic properties of 58 malignant breast tumors-determined by broadband diffuse optical spectroscopy," J. Biomed. Opt. 11(4), 044005 (2012).

[18] M. Flexman, "Dynamic Digital Optical Tomography for Cancer Imaging and Therapy Monitoring," PhD Thesis, School of Arts and Science, Columbia University, 2012.

[19] T. Durduran, R. Choe, J. P. Culver, L. Zubkov, M. J. Holboke, J. Giammarco, B. Chance, A. G. Yodh, "Bulk optical properties of healthy female breast tissue," Phys. Med. Biol. 47(16), 2847–2861 (2002).

[20] IEC 60825-1, "Safety of laser products Part 1: Equipment classifcation and requirements," (2007).

[21] F. Bevilacqua, A. J. Berger, A. E. Cerussi, D. Jakubowski, B. J. Tromberg, "Broadband absorption spectroscopy in turbid media by combined frequency-domain and steady-state methods," Appl. Opt. 39(34), 6498–6507 (2000).

[22] S. A. Prahl, "Optical properties spectra," (2001), [Online], Available at: http://omlc.ogi.edu/spectra. [Accessed: 01-Sep-2013].

[23] P. Taroni, A. Pifferi, A. Torricelli, D. Comelli, R. Cubeddu, "In vivo absorption and scattering spectroscopy of biological tissues," Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 2(2), 124–129 (2003).

[24] T. J. Farrell, "A diffusion theory model of spatially resolved, steady-state diffuse reflectance for the noninvasive determination of tissue optical properties in vivo," Med. Phys. 19(4), 879 (1992).

[25] S. L. Jacques, B. W. Pogue, "Tutorial on diffuse light transport," J. Biomed. Opt. 13(4), 041302 (2008).

[26] T. J. Farrell, B. C. Wilson, M. S. Patterson, "The use of a neural network to determine tissue optical properties from spatially resolved diffuse reflectance measurements," Phys. Med. Biol. 37(12), 2281– 2286 (1992).

[27] S. Fantini, A. Sassaroli, "Near-infrared optical mammography for breast cancer detection with intrinsic contrast," Ann. Biomed. Eng. 40(2), 398–407 (2012).

[28] T. L. Troy, D. L. Page, E. M. Sevick-Muraca, "Optical properties of normal and diseased breast t issues: Prognosis for optical mammography," J. Biomed. Opt. 1(3), 342–355 (1996).

[29] A. Garofalakis, G. Zacharakis, G. Filippidis, E. Sanidas, D. D. Tsiftsis, E. Stathopoulos, M. Kafousi, J. Ripoll, T. G. Papazoglou, "Optical characterization of thin female breast biopsies based on the reduced scattering coefficient," Phys. Med. Biol. 50(11), 2583–2596 (2005).

[30] R. Berg, S. Andersson-Engels, O. Jarlman, S. Svanbrg, "Time-gated viewing studies on tissuelike phantoms," Appl. Opt. 35(19), 3432–3440 (1996).

[31] S. T. Flock, S. L. Jacques, B. C. Wilson, W. M. Star, M. J. C. van Gemert, "Optical properties of intralipid: A phantom medium for light propagation studies," Lasers Surg. Med. 12(5), 510–519 (1992).

[32] S. B. Colak, M. B. van der Mark, G. W. T. Hooft, J. H. Hoogenraad, E. S. van der Linden, F. A. Kuijpers, "Clinical optical tomography and NIR spectroscopy for breast cancer detection," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 5(4), 1143–1158 (1999).

[33] H. J. van Staveren, C. J. Moes, J. van Marie, S. A. Prahl, M. J. van Gemert, "Light scattering in Intralipid-10% in the wavelength range of 400-1100 nm," Appl. Opt. 30(31), 4507–4514 (1991).

[34] Institut national d'optique, "Biomimic Optical Phantoms," (2015), [Online], available at: http:// www.ino.ca/en/products/.