• Acta Optica Sinica
  • Vol. 43, Issue 16, 1623001 (2023)
Lü Qinghong1, Rui Ma1, Shenyu Xiao2, Weijia Yu3..., Zhifei Liu3, Xiaoyong Hu1,4,* and Qihuang Gong1,4|Show fewer author(s)
Author Affiliations
  • 1State Key Laboratory of Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
  • 2School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
  • 3Institute of Information Photonics Technology, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
  • 4Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
  • show less
    DOI: 10.3788/AOS230903 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Lü Qinghong, Rui Ma, Shenyu Xiao, Weijia Yu, Zhifei Liu, Xiaoyong Hu, Qihuang Gong. Principles and Applications for Optical Nonlinear Activation Function Devices[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2023, 43(16): 1623001 Copy Citation Text show less
    References

    [1] Franken P A, Hill A E, Peters C W et al. Generation of second harmonic[J]. Physical Review Letters, 7, 118(1961).

    [2] Yang Z, Tan W M, Zhang T J et al. MXene-based broadband ultrafast nonlinear activator for optical computing[J]. Advanced Optical Materials, 10, 2200714(2022).

    [3] Coarer F D L, Sciamanna M, Katumba A et al. All-optical reservoir computing on a photonic chip using silicon-based ring resonators[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 24, 7600108(2018).

    [4] Steinbrecher G R, Olson J P, Englund D et al. Quantum optical neural networks[J]. NPJ Quantum Information, 5, 60(2019).

    [5] Feldmann J, Youngblood N, Wright C D et al. All-optical spiking neurosynaptic networks with self-learning capabilities[J]. Nature, 569, 208-214(2019).

    [6] Zuo Y, Li B H, Zhao Y J et al. All-optical neural network with nonlinear activation functions[J]. Optica, 6, 1132-1137(2019).

    [7] Williamson I A D, Hughes T W, Minkov M et al. Reprogrammable electro-optic nonlinear activation functions for optical neural networks[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 26, 7700412(2020).

    [8] Jha A, Huang C R, Prucnal P R. Reconfigurable all-optical nonlinear activation functions for neuromorphic photonics[J]. Optics Letters, 45, 4819-4822(2020).

    [9] George J K, Mehrabian A, Amin R et al. Neuromorphic photonics with electro-absorption modulators[J]. Optics Express, 27, 5181-5191(2019).

    [10] Amin R, George J K, Sun S et al. ITO-based electro-absorption modulator for photonic neural activation function[J]. APL Materials, 7, 081112(2019).

    [11] Williamson I A D, Hughes T W, Minkov M et al. Tunable nonlinear activation functions for optical neural networks[C], SM1E.2(2020).

    [12] Tait A N, de Lima T F, Nahmias M A et al. Silicon photonic modulator neuron[J]. Physical Review Applied, 11, 064043(2019).

    [13] Miscuglio M, Mehrabian A, Hu Z B et al. All-optical nonlinear activation function for photonic neural networks[EB/OL]. https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.01216

    [14] Perry J W, Alvarez D, Choong I et al. Enhanced reverse saturable absorption and optical limiting in heavy-atom-substituted phthalocyanines[J]. Optics Letters, 19, 625-627(1994).

    [15] Dejonckheere A, Duport F, Smerieri A et al. All-optical reservoir computer based on saturation of absorption[J]. Optics Express, 22, 10868-10881(2014).

    [16] Gao Y C, Zhang X R, Li Y L et al. Saturable absorption and reverse saturable absorption in platinum nanoparticles[J]. Optics Communications, 251, 429-433(2005).

    [17] Li C F, Wang Y X, Guo F Y et al. Kinetics of reverse saturation absorption in C60 medium[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 42, 1236-1244(1993).

    [18] Wu J M, Lin X, Guo Y C et al. Analog optical computing for artificial intelligence[J]. Engineering, 10, 133-145(2022).

    [19] Chen B, Zhang Z Y, Dai T G et al. Photonic neural networks and its applications[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 60, 0600001(2023).

    [20] Bramerie L, Le Q T, Gay M et al. All-optical 2R regeneration with a vertical microcavity-based saturable absorber[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 18, 870-883(2012).

    [21] Massoubre D, Oudar J L, Dion J et al. Scaling of the saturation energy in microcavity saturable absorber devices[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 88, 153513(2006).

    [22] Massoubre D, Oudar J L, Fatome J et al. All-optical extinction-ratio enhancement of a 160 GHz pulse train by a saturable-absorber vertical microcavity[J]. Optics Letters, 31, 537-539(2006).

    [23] Paquot Y, Duport F, Smerieri A et al. Optoelectronic Reservoir computing[J]. Scientific Reports, 2, 287(2012).

    [24] Su W J, Cooper T M, Brant M C. Investigation of reverse-saturable absorption in brominated porphyrins[J]. Chemistry of Materials, 10, 1212-1213(1998).

    [25] Larger L, Soriano M C, Brunner D et al. Photonic information processing beyond turing: an optoelectronic implementation of reservoir computing[J]. Optics Express, 20, 3241-3249(2012).

    [26] Fleischhauer M, Imamoglu A, Marangos J P. Electromagnetically induced transparency: optics in coherent media[J]. Reviews of Modern Physics, 77, 633-673(2005).

    [27] Boller K J, Imamoğlu A, Harris S E. Observation of electromagnetically induced transparency[J]. Physical Review Letters, 66, 2593-2596(1991).

    [28] Leng H X, Szychowski B, Daniel M C et al. Dramatic modification of coupled-plasmon resonances following exposure to electron beams[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 8, 3607-3612(2017).

    [29] Ríos C, Stegmaier M, Hosseini P et al. Integrated all-photonic non-volatile multi-level memory[J]. Nature Photonics, 9, 725-732(2015).

    [30] Cheng Z G, Ríos C, Pernice W H P et al. On-chip photonic synapse[J]. Science Advances, 3, e1700160(2017).

    [31] Amiri I S, Rashed A N Z, Mohamed A E N A et al. Nonlinear effects with semiconductor optical amplifiers[J]. Journal of Optical Communications, 44, 11-17(2023).

    [32] Singh V K, Singh Yadav A K, Kumar A et al. Semiconductor-optical-amplifier Mach-Zehnder interferometer based optical networks[J]. Telkomnika Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering, 11, 525-528(2013).

    [33] Shi B, Calabretta N, Stabile R. Deep neural network through an InP SOA-based photonic integrated cross-connect[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 26, 7701111(2019).

    [34] Fan H L, Wu C M, Dutta N K et al. Cross gain modulation in semiconductor optical amplifier[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 3625, 250-256(1999).

    [35] Wei J L, Hamie A, Giddings R P et al. Semiconductor optical amplifier-enabled intensity modulation of adaptively modulated optical OFDM signals in SMF-based IMDD systems[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 27, 3678-3688(2009).

    [36] Mourgias-Alexandris G, Tsakyridis A, Passalis N et al. An all-optical neuron with sigmoid activation function[J]. Optics Express, 27, 9620-9623(2019).

    [37] Leuthold J, Koos C, Freude W. Nonlinear silicon photonics[J]. Nature Photonics, 4, 535-544(2010).

    [38] Huang C R, Jha A, de Lima T F et al. On-chip programmable nonlinear optical signal processor and its applications[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 27, 6100211(2021).

    [39] Jha A, Huang C R, Peng H T et al. Photonic spiking neural networks and graphene-on-silicon spiking neurons[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 40, 2901-2914(2022).

    [40] Wu B, Li H K, Tong W Y et al. Low-threshold all-optical nonlinear activation function based on a Ge/Si hybrid structure in a microring resonator[J]. Optical Materials Express, 12, 970-980(2022).

    [41] Yu W Z, Zheng S A, Zhao Z Y et al. Reconfigurable low-threshold all-optical nonlinear activation functions based on an add-drop silicon microring resonator[J]. IEEE Photonics Journal, 14, 5559807(2022).

    [42] Jha A, Huang C R, Prucnal P R. Programmable, high-speed all-optical nonlinear activation functions for neuromorphic photonics[C], Tu5H.3(2021).

    [43] Wan X, Qi M Q, Chen T Y et al. Field-programmable beam reconfiguring based on digitally-controlled coding metasurface[J]. Scientific Reports, 6, 20663(2016).

    [44] Leykam D, Mittal S, Hafezi M et al. Reconfigurable topological phases in next-nearest-neighbor coupled resonator lattices[J]. Physical Review Letters, 121, 023901(2018).

    [45] Campo J R R, Pérez-López D. Reconfigurable activation functions in integrated optical neural networks[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 28, 8300513(2022).

    [46] Miscuglio M, Adam G C, Kuzum D et al. Roadmap on material-function mapping for photonic-electronic hybrid neural networks[J]. APL Materials, 7, 100903(2019).

    [47] Miscuglio M, Mehrabian A, Hu Z B et al. All-optical nonlinear activation function for photonic neural networks[J]. Optical Materials Express, 8, 3851(2018).

    Lü Qinghong, Rui Ma, Shenyu Xiao, Weijia Yu, Zhifei Liu, Xiaoyong Hu, Qihuang Gong. Principles and Applications for Optical Nonlinear Activation Function Devices[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2023, 43(16): 1623001
    Download Citation