By using the sun photometer, nephelometer and particle matter monitor of national climatology observatory in Shouxian, the atmospheric optical characteristics in Shouxian are observed and analyzed in winter. The daily variation rules of optical depth of aerosol, scattering and absorption coefficient, and single scattering albedo are obtained. Results show that, with the increasing of aerosol content, particle matter content also increases, the optical depth of aerosol, scattering coefficient and single scattering albedo increase, and the aerosol's wavelength index and atmospheric turbidity coefficient also increase. The size changing of aerosol particles can be characterized by asymmetric factors, backscattering ratio, scattering coefficient, single scattering albedo and wavelength index together.