Apocynum venetum L. was a commonly used medicinal material in Xinjiang, mainly used for hepatic yang vertigo, palpitation and insomnia, oedema and oliourine, and it also had a good therapeutic effect on hypertension and depression. In order to ensure safety and stability of clinical medication, four traditional identification methods and modern chromatographic and spectral techniques were commonly used to identify the quality differences of Chinese medicinal materials. In this study, 17 batches of A. venetum collected from different regions in Xinjiang were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR ). The range of infrared spectrum was 4 000~400 cm^-1, the range of secondary derivative spectra was 1 800~600 cm^-1. After obtaining these fingerprints, the correlation coefficients were calculated by using the fingerprint spectrum (1 800~400 cm^-1) with dense spectral bands. Then, the infrared fingerprints of A. venetum from different habitats were classified and compared by combining the infrared spectral absorption peak system clustering, the common peak rate and the variation peak rate double index sequence analysis. The results showed that the infrared spectra of A. venetum from different regions in Xinjiang were similar in shape and position of peaks, and all of them had absorption in wavenumber of 3 336, 2 920, 1 443, 1 375, 1 247, 1 103, 1 070, 833 and 601 cm^-1. There were characteristic and strong peaks at 1 103, 1 070 and 1 656~1 609 cm^-1. And the CO32- vibration peaks in 892 and 717 cm^-1 only appeared in S4 from Karamay Dushanzi Districtand S5 in Wusu Ganjiahu nature reserve, which was related to the high degree of soil salinization. Except S5, the correlation coefficient of the other 16 batches of medicinal materials was higher than 0.960, indicating that A. venetum from different origins had a certain similarities. It was found that the peaks of the second derivative spectra were similar, but the number of peaks increases obviously in the range of 1 444~1 738 and 833~1 030 cm^-1. SPSS 21.0 software was used to conduct cluster analysis with the absorption wave number of each medicinal material as the variable. S9 and S14, S2 and S10, S3 and S8, S12 and S13 were first clustered into one class; when the Euclidean distance was 15, the medicinal materials were divided into four categories: the medicinal materials with absorption peaks at 1 615 cm^-1, the medicinal materials with absorption peaks at 1 646 cm^-1, S1 with absorption peaks at 1 646 and 1 615 cm^-1, and only S5 with absorption peaks at 2 962 cm^-1 in all materials. When the European distance was 20, the medicinal materials were divided into S5 and other medicinal materials. The results of the double index sequence method showed that the common peak ratios of S9:S14, S2:S10, S3:S8 and S12:S13 were 100%, and the common peak ratios of A. venetum were ≥61.1%, and the variation peak ratios were ≤53.8%, it was considered that there was no obvious origin difference. The results of correlation coefficient analysis, cluster analysis and double index sequence analysis was complementary and verified, it indicated that these methods were reliable and effective, which can analyze and evaluate the A. venetum samples from different perspectives to provide a reference for ensuring the stability and controllability of medicinal materials.