Continuous-wave single-mode quantum cascade laser at 5.1 THz based on graded sampled grating design

Weijiang Li; Yu Ma; Yunfei Xu; Junqi Liu; Lijun Wang; Ning Zhuo; Quanyong Lu; Jinchuan Zhang; Shenqiang Zhai; Shuman Liu; Fengqi Liu

doi:10.1364/PRJ.467974

[1] M. Tonouchi. Cutting-edge terahertz technology. Nat. Photonics, 1, 97-105(2007).

[2] S. Kumar. Recent progress in terahertz quantum cascade lasers. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., 17, 38-47(2011).

[3] D. M. Mittleman. Twenty years of terahertz imaging [invited]. Opt. Express, 26, 9417-9431(2018).

[4] P. Tewari, Z. D. Taylor, D. Bennett, R. S. Singh, M. O. Culjat, C. P. Kealey, J. P. Hubschman, S. White, A. Cochran, E. R. Brown, W. S. Grundfest. Terahertz imaging of biological tissues. Stud. Health Technol. Inf., 163, 653-657(2011).

[5] J. F. Federici, B. Schulkin, F. Huang, D. Gary, R. Barat, F. Oliveira, D. Zimdars. THz imaging and sensing for security applications—explosives, weapons and drugs. Semicond. Sci. Technol., 20, S266-S280(2005).

[6] R. Köhler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, H. E. Beere, E. H. Linfifield, A. G. Davies, D. A. Ritchie, R. C. Iotti, F. Rossi. Terahertz semiconductor-heterostructure laser. Nature, 417, 156-159(2002).

[7] T. Fei, S. Q. Zhai, J. C. Zhang, N. Zhuo, J. Q. Liu, L. J. Wang, S. M. Liu, Z. W. Jia, K. Li, Y. Q. Sun, K. Guo, F. Q. Liu, Z. G. Wang. High power λ–8.5 μm quantum cascade laser grown by MOCVD operating continuous-wave up to 408 K. J. Semicond., 42, 112301(2021).

[8] L. H. Li, L. Chen, J. R. Freeman, M. Salih, P. Dean, A. G. Davies, E. H. Linfield. Multi-Watt high-power THz frequency quantum cascade lasers. Electron. Lett., 53, 799-800(2017).

[9] X. M. Wang, C. Shen, T. Jiang, Z. Q. Zhan, Q. H. Deng, W. H. Li, W. D. Wu, N. Yang, W. D. Chu, S. Q. Duan. High-power terahertz quantum cascade lasers with ∼0.23 W in continuous wave mode. AIP Adv., 6, 075210(2016).

[10] A. Khalatpour, A. K. Paulsen, C. Deimert, Z. R. Wasilewski, Q. Hu. High-power portable terahertz laser systems. Nat. Photonics, 15, 16-20(2021).

[11] C. Sirtori, S. Barbieri, R. Colombelli. Wave engineering with THz quantum cascade lasers. Nat. Photonics, 7, 691-701(2013).

[12] L. H. Li, I. Kundu, P. Dean, E. H. Linfield, A. G. Davies. High-power GaAs/AlGaAs quantum cascade lasers with emission in the frequency range 4.7–5.6 THz. International Quantum Cascade Lasers School and Workshop(2016).

[13] K. Fukunaga, Y. Ogawa, S. Hayashi, I. Hosako. Terahertz spectroscopy for art conservation. EICE Electron. Express, 4, 258-263(2007).

[14] A. J. Mayur, M. Dean Sciacca, A. K. Ramdas, S. Rodriguez. Redetermination of the valley-orbit (chemical) splitting of the 1s ground state of group-V donors in silicon. Phys. Rev. B, 48, 10893-10898(1993).

[15] Y. Chassagneux, Q. J. Wang, S. P. Khanna, E. Strupiechonski, E. Strupiechonski, E. H. Linfield, A. G. Davies, F. Capasso, M. A. Belkin, R. Colombelli. Limiting factors to the temperature performance of THz quantum cascade lasers based on the resonant-phonon depopulation scheme. IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol., 2, 83-92(2012).

[16] T. Grange, D. Stark, G. Scalari, J. Faist, L. Persichetti, L. D. Gaspare, M. D. Seta, M. Ortolani, D. J. Paul, G. Capellini, S. Birner, M. Virgilio. Room temperature operation of n-type Ge/SiGe terahertz quantum cascade lasers predicted by non-equilibrium Green’s functions. Appl. Phys. Lett., 114, 111102(2019).

[17] B. Williams. Terahertz quantum-cascade lasers. Nat. Photonics, 1, 517-525(2007).

[18] M. Wienold, B. Röben, X. Lü, G. Rozas, L. Schrottke, K. Biermann, H. T. Grahn. Frequency dependence of the maximum operating temperature for quantum-cascade lasers up to 5.4 THz. Appl. Phys. Lett., 107, 202101(2015).

[19] C. W. I. Chan, Q. Hu, J. L. Reno. Ground state terahertz quantum cascade lasers. Appl. Phys. Lett., 101, 151108(2012).

[20] M. I. Amanti, G. Scalari, R. Terazzi, M. Fischer, M. Beck, J. Faist, A. Rudra, P. Gallo, E. Kapon. Bound-to-continuum terahertz quantum cascade laser with a single-quantum-well phonon extraction/injection stage. New J. Phys., 11, 125022(2009).

[21] C. Sirtori, F. Capasso, J. Faist, A. L. Hutchinson, D. L. Sivco, A. Y. Cho. Resonant tunneling in quantum cascade lasers. IEEE J. Quantum Electron., 34, 1722-1729(1998).

[22] K. Ohtani, D. Turčinková, C. Bonzon, I. Benea-Chelmus, M. Beck, J. Faist, M. Justen, U. U. Graf, M. Mertens, J. Stutzki. High performance 4.7 THz GaAs quantum cascade lasers based on four quantum wells. New J. Phys., 18, 123004(2016).

[23] L. Mahler, R. Köhler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, H. E. Beere, E. H. Linfield, D. A. Ritchie, A. G. Davies. Single-mode operation of terahertz quantum cascade lasers with distributed feedback resonators. Appl. Phys. Lett., 84, 5446-5448(2004).

[24] F. Y. Zhao, Y. Y. Li, J. Q. Liu, F. Q. Liu, J. C. Zhang, S. Q. Zhai, N. Zhuo, L. J. Wang, S. M. Liu, Z. G. Wang. Sampled grating terahertz quantum cascade lasers. Appl. Phys. Lett., 114, 141105(2019).

[25] H. Kogelnik, C. V. Shank. Coupled-wave theory of distributed feedback lasers. J. Appl. Phys., 43, 2327-2335(1972).

[26] X. F. Jia, L. J. Wang, N. Zhuo, Y. J. Guan, S. Z. Niu, J. C. Zhang, S. Q. Zhai, J. Q. Liu, S. M. Liu, F. Q. Liu, Z. G. Wang. Design and fabrication of a quantum cascade laser with a chirped sampling grating. OSA Contin., 2, 1783-1790(2019).

[27] Y. J. Guan, X. F. Jia, S. S. Li, L. J. Wang, N. Zhuo, J. C. Zhang, S. Q. Zhai, J. Q. Liu, S. M. Liu, F. Q. Liu, Z. G. Wang. High power tapered sampling grating distributed feedback quantum cascade lasers. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., 32, 305-308(2020).