Temperature response of 780 nm acousto-optic modulator (AOM) is calculated theoretically in detail. The research shows that the temperature response coefficient of polarization angle of diffraction light of AOM is much larger than that of diffraction efficiency and diffraction angle. Aiming at the temperature response of polarization angle of diffraction light of AOM, it is experimentally verified in the ground laboratory environment. In space microgravity environment, temperature response of AOM may become one of the main reasons that restricts the improvement of the operating temperature range and performance index of optical platform in space program. Based on the pulse working mode of AOM in practical space application, the variation curve between the temperatures of the acousto-optic crystal in AOM and environmental temperature is given by simulation modeling . And the optimization measures are given.