The alignment system automatically adjusts the beam of a high-power laser driver; thus, it is the main method to ensure high beam quality. It performs feedback control based on the results of alignment image processing, wherein the recognition and extraction for the laser spot and reference center is key. In this paper, the ant colony algorithm is introduced into the extraction of collimating reference contour and spot contour. The image gray gradient is used as the pheromone to improve the edge extraction ability for the reference and spot. At the same time, the ant colony algorithm is optimized according to the collimating image characteristics to enhance the adaptability of the collimating system.