Aerial vibration is a key factor affecting dynamic image quality of high-resolution aerial camera. Base on the theory of optical transfer function, dynamic modulation transfer function (MTF) is obtained by applying the conception that probability density function of motion is equal to point/line spread function of optical system. The influence of linear motion, sinusoidal vibration and random vibration is developed respectively. With the help of Matlab software, dynamic MTF is simulated, and the drawn conclusion is consistent with the results of the other literatures. This method can be expanded to two-dimensional motion. Vibrational MTF is compared with that under static condition, and the results are consistent with simulation curve with a 30% decrease at the Nyquist frequency. The method can be applied for forecasting and evaluating image quality on aerial camera and other optoelectronic systems, and the results can be used in deconvolution filter to realize image restoration.