High-voltage light-emitting diode has the characteristics of high working voltage, small drive current, high efficiency, high reliability and low energy consumption, which has been widely studied and applied. This paper first introduces the basic principle of high-voltage LED, classification and structure; Then, the latest research progress of the key fabrication technology of high-voltage LED is described, from the point of optimizing the photoelectric characteristics of the devices; The reliability of high-voltage LED are discussed from the aspect of failure mechanism and thermal characteristics as well; Finally, its development and application prospects are prospected.