• Advanced Photonics
  • Vol. 5, Issue 3, 036003 (2023)
Ji-Ning Zhang1、2、3, Ran Yang1、2、3, Xinhui Li1、2、3、*, Chang-Wei Sun1、2、3, Yi-Chen Liu1、3、4, Ying Wei1、2、3, Jia-Chen Duan1、2、3, Zhenda Xie1、3、5, Yan-Xiao Gong1、2、3、6、*, and Shi-Ning Zhu1、2、3
Author Affiliations
  • 1Nanjing University, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing, China
  • 2Nanjing University, School of Physics, Nanjing, China
  • 3Nanjing University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, China
  • 4Qingdao University of Technology, School of Science, Qingdao, China
  • 5Nanjing University, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing, China
  • 6Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, China
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    DOI: 10.1117/1.AP.5.3.036003 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Ji-Ning Zhang, Ran Yang, Xinhui Li, Chang-Wei Sun, Yi-Chen Liu, Ying Wei, Jia-Chen Duan, Zhenda Xie, Yan-Xiao Gong, Shi-Ning Zhu. Realization of a source-device-independent quantum random number generator secured by nonlocal dispersion cancellation[J]. Advanced Photonics, 2023, 5(3): 036003 Copy Citation Text show less

    Abstract

    Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) can provide genuine randomness by exploiting the intrinsic probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics, which play important roles in many applications. However, the true randomness acquisition could be subjected to attacks from untrusted devices involved or their deviations from the theoretical modeling in real-life implementation. We propose and experimentally demonstrate a source-device-independent QRNG, which enables one to access true random bits with an untrusted source device. The random bits are generated by measuring the arrival time of either photon of the time–energy entangled photon pairs produced from spontaneous parametric downconversion, where the entanglement is testified through the observation of nonlocal dispersion cancellation. In experiment, we extract a generation rate of 4 Mbps by a modified entropic uncertainty relation, which can be improved to gigabits per second by using advanced single-photon detectors. Our approach provides a promising candidate for QRNGs with no characterization or error-prone source devices in practice.
    ΨABt=ψ(tA,tB)eiωp(tA+tB)/2|tAA|tBBdtAdtB,

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    ΨABω=ϕ(ωA,ωB)|ωAA|ωBBdωAdωB,

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    ψ(tA,tB)=12πσcohσcore(tAtB)2/4σcor2(tA+tB)2/16σcoh2,

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    ϕ(ωA,ωB)=1π/2σcohσcore(ωAωB)2σcor2/4(ωA+ωB)2σcoh2,

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    Tkj=kδ(k+1)δ|XtjXt|jdt,

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    Dkj=kδ(k+1)δ|YtjYt|jdt,

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    TjØ=Ndδ/2|XtjXt|jdt+Ndδ/2|XtjXt|jdt,

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    DjØ=Ndδ/2|YtjYt|jdt+Ndδ/2|YtjYt|jdt.

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    d=2πσcoh,Dδ,

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    Hminϵ(A|B)ρ=maxρBϵ(ρ)Hmin(A|B)ρ,

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    Hmaxϵ(A|B)ρ=maxρBϵ(ρ)Hmax(A|B)ρ,

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    Hminϵ(TδA|E)ρHlowϵ(TδA|E)ρ=2log2(f+(pTδAØ(ρ),ϵ)+f+(pDδAØ(ρ),ϵ)+1f(pDδAØ(ρ),ϵ)c<(TδA,DδA)(2Hmaxϵ(DδA<|B)ρ)),

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    f±(piØ(ρ),ϵ)=2ϵϵ2+2piØ(ρ)ϵ24piØ(ρ)ϵ±2(1ϵ)piØ(ρ)ϵ[1piØ(ρ)](2ϵ)+piØ(ρ),

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    pTδAØ(ρ)=112πσcohNdδ/2Ndδ/2etA22σcoh2dtA,

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    pDδAØ(ρ)=112πσcohNdδ/2Ndδ/2etA22σcoh2dtA,

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    c<(TδA,DδA)=maxTδA,DδAØTδADδA2,

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    c<(TδA,DδA)c(TδA,DδA)=δ24π2β,

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    Hmaxϵ(DδA<|B)ρlog2γ(d0+Δ),

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    γ(x)=(x+1+x2)(x1+x21)x,

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    Δ=Nd1q(q1)NTAln(ϵ/422(1(1pTδAØ(ρ))NTA)),

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    ϕAc(ω)eω24σν2,

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    ψAc(t)et24σt2,

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    IA(tA)=|dωA2πϕAc(ωA)ei(ωAtA+βωA2/2)|2,IB(tB)=|dωB2πϕBc(ωB)ei(ωBtB+βωB2/2)|2.

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    P(Γ)=IA(tA)IB(tB)dtAeΓ22σcor,c2,

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    σcor,c2=σcor2+2β2σν2,

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    σcorΔ(ωA+ωB)1,

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    σcor,c2σcor2+β2σcor2,

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    d2σcor2πδ2+2β2πδ2σcor2.

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    G(2)(tA;tB)=|YtA(tA)YtB(tB)|ΨABω|2=|ψD(tA,tB)|2,

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    ψD(tA,tB)=12πϕAB(ωA,ωB)eiβ2(ωA2ωB2)i(ωAtA+ωBtB)dωAdωB.

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    σcor,D2=(tAtB)2|ψD(tA,tB)|2dtAdtB=(tAtB)2|ψAB(tA,tB)|2dtAdtB+β2(ωA+ωB)2|ϕAB(ωA,ωB)|2dωAdωB=σcor2+β2σω2,

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    d=2σcor2πδ2+β22πσcoh2δ2.

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    d=2σcor2πδ2,

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    TkA=kδ(k+1)δ|XtAXt|Adt,DkA=kδ(k+1)δ|YtAYt|Adt,

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    DδA=UTδAU,

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    U=12πβ+dt1+dt2ei(t1t2)2/2β|Xt1AXt2|A.

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    OTA=+dtt|XtAXt|A,ODA=12πβ+dt+dt1+dt2tei(t12t22)/2β+i(t1t2)t/β|Xt1AXt2|A.

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    ODA=+dtt|XtAXt|A+βi+dt|XtAtXt|A,=OTA+2πβOωA,

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    [OTA,ODA]=i2πβ.

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    c(TδA,DδA)=δ24π2β.

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    σ¯cor,c22σj2+σcor2+β2σcor2.

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    Ji-Ning Zhang, Ran Yang, Xinhui Li, Chang-Wei Sun, Yi-Chen Liu, Ying Wei, Jia-Chen Duan, Zhenda Xie, Yan-Xiao Gong, Shi-Ning Zhu. Realization of a source-device-independent quantum random number generator secured by nonlocal dispersion cancellation[J]. Advanced Photonics, 2023, 5(3): 036003
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