Operational effectiveness is the ultimate expression of system effectiveness under countermeasure conditionand the analysis and evaluation of operational effectiveness is the tallest level of missile system assessment.Considering the necessity of airtoair missile range testand the demand of operational training and function improvement for airtoair missile in the futurethe contents and methods of operational effectiveness evaluation for airtoair missile are discussed.The design objectivesystem architecturemodel constitution and work procedure of the operational effectiveness evaluation system are presented.The operational effectiveness of airtoair missiles under different countermeasure conditions is given through simulation.