After testing with 50 frames of random data, the experimental results show that the clustering accuracy and clustering time of this method are 86.96% and 23 ms, respectively, which are better than other algorithms, and can be used in mobile robot navigation and obstacle avoidance, autonomous handling, and other fields.Aiming at the requirement of fast clustering and segmentation of 3D point clouds for mobile robots in the process of perception of unknown environments, a 3D laser point cloud clustering method based on image information constraints is proposed. Firstly, the effective 3D environment information is obtained through point cloud preprocessing, and the RANSAC method is used to segment and eliminate the ground point cloud. Secondly, the sensor data is introduced into the YOLOv5 target detection algorithm after completing the spatiotemporal registration, and the K-means clustering algorithm of the 3D point cloud is improved. The detection frame range of the 2D image target is used to constrain the 3D point cloud and reduce the interference of non-target objects. The parameter initialization of the point cloud clustering algorithm is realized based on the image detection information. The clustering results are optimized by the intra-class outlier elimination method. Finally, the mobile robot hardware platform is built, and the box is tested. The experimental results show that the clustering accuracy and clustering time of the method in this paper are 86.96% and 23 ms, respectively, which can be used in mobile robot navigation and obstacle avoidance, autonomous handling, and other fields.