Author Affiliations
1Collage of Engineering, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong , China2College of Urban and Rural Construction, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong , China3Foshan -Zhongke Innovation Research Institute of Intelligent Agriculture and Robotics, Foshan528200, Guangdong , Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Flowchart of the proposed method
Fig. 2. Crack segmentation results of U-net
Fig. 3. Comparison between the classical thinning algorithm and the proposed improved algorithm. (a) Classic thinning algorithm;(b) proposed backbone refining algorithm
Fig. 4. 16 types of neighborhood distribution of backbone points
Fig. 5. Different measurement methods of cracks at the same place
Fig. 6. Judgment of measurement direction using only a single scale feature. (a) Slope feature; (b) neighborhood distribution type feature
Fig. 7. Finding process of measuring points
Fig. 8. Measurable points of a section of crack and its measurement scheme
Fig. 9. Test equipment and environment
Fig. 10. Reduction rate result
Fig. 11. Recall rate of the proposed width measurement direction judgment method
Fig. 12. Direction error of the different methods. (a) Proposed method; (b) method in Ref. [
20-
21]
Fig. 13. Field measurement test result
Fig. 14. Deviation between width value and standard value of visual measurement
Parameter | Mean | Median | Maximum | Minimum | Standard deviation |
---|
Reduction rate /% | 6.75 | 6.20 | 17.04 | 3.01 | 2.69 |
|
Table 1. Average value and standard deviation of width measurement error
Parameter | Mean | Median | Maximum | Minimum | Standard deviation |
---|
Recall rate /% | 70.86 | 71.12 | 83.99 | 58.88 | 6.50 |
|
Table 2. Statistical results of the recall rate of the direction judgment method
Method | Direction error /(°) |
---|
Mean | Median | Maximum | Minimum | Standard deviation |
---|
Proposed method | 6.89 | 6.86 | 10.19 | 2.31 | 1.92 | Method in Ref.[20-21] | 15.44 | 25.06 | 25.06 | 7.99 | 3.88 |
|
Table 3. Direction error statistics of the different methods
Parameter | Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Group 4 | Group 5 | Group 6 | Group 7 | Group 8 | Group 9 | Mean |
---|
/mm | 0.61 | 0.30 | 0.22 | 0.33 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.43 | 0.16 | 0.27 | 0.32 | /mm | 0.32 | 0.16 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.15 | 0.06 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.14 | 0.19 |
|
Table 4. Width measurement error average value and standard deviation