Chalcogenide glasses have ultra-high nonlinear polarizability and ultra-short nonlinear response time. Because of excellent thermal stability, chemical stability, and fiber forming properties, chalcogenide glasses have attracted extensive attention in the field of infrared photonics. In this paper, the latest research progress of the third-order optical nonlinear properties of chalcogenide glasses is reviewed in terms of glass composition, microcrystalline treatment, and light irradiation. The current research status of the third-order optical nonlinear properties of chalcogenide glasses is summarized and prospected.