Author Affiliations
1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China2Laser Research Institute, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Heating process curve
Fig. 2. Schematic of laser-assisted glass frit bonding
Fig. 3. Laser-assisted glass frit bonding apparatus diagram
Fig. 4. Schematic of coupling behavior during laser-assisted glass frit bonding
Fig. 5. Observed images of typical coupling behavior. (a) The glass coating area is not fully connected; (b) the glass coating area is fully connected; (c) bonding area expansion
Fig. 6. Images of weld seam after connection. (a) The glass coating area is not fully connected; (b) the glass coating area is fully connected; (c) bonding area expansion
Fig. 7. Formation of impurity-type pores. (a) t0; (b) t0+33 ms; (c) t0+133 ms; (d) t0+600 ms
Fig. 8. Formation of impurity-type pores when the impurity particles are large.(a) t0; (b) t0+50 ms; (c) t0+667 ms
Fig. 9. Formation of intensive and impurity-type pores. (a) t0; (b) t0+1350 ms; (c) t0+1650 ms
Fig. 10. Movement direction of impurity-type pores. (a) t0; (b) t0+116 ms; (c) t0+500 ms
Fig. 11. Movement direction of impurity-type pores under special circumstances. (a) t0; (b) t0+417 ms; (c) t0+567 ms; (d) t0+783 ms;(e) t0+933 ms; (f) t0+1483 ms
Fig. 12. Area of impurity-type pore changes curve with time during the process of pore overflow
Fig. 13. Other common defects. (a) Partially prominent bonding area; (b) partially not connected
Material | TransitiontemperatureTg /℃ | SofteningpointTdsp /℃ | Coefficient ofthermalexpansionα /(10 -7 ℃-1) |
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Glass substrate | 722 | 971 | 31.7 | Glass frit | 343 | 428 | 48 |
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Table 1. Thermal properties of material used in the study
No. | LaserpowerP /W | Bonding speed V /(m·min-1) | Defocusing amountD /mm | Glazing temperatureT /℃ |
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1 | 38 | 0.1 | -13 | 430 | 2 | 35 | 0.1 | -15 | 430 | 3 | 41 | 0.1 | -15 | 530 |
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Table 2. Process parameters of typical coupling behavior