All kinds of factors which affect the non-uniformity of a large area array color CCD aerial mapping camera are presented through analyzing the process of camera imaging. According to the analysis results, the differences in illumination of optical system are the main causes for the non-uniformity of camera imaging. The detections and measurements of the dark current noise, imaging non-uniformity and the pixel response are completed through the laboratory radiometric calibration method. The non-uniformity measurement results show that the non-uniformity of each color pixel is serious, especially that of the red pixel reaches 17%, which must be corrected. The detection results of responsivity indicates that the radiometric responsivity of each pixel for R, G and B color channel varies linearly in working spectral range, but the responsivity of pixel in the central area is significantly higher than that of the edge region. By analyzing the distribution of each pixel response characteristics, the non-uniformity correction method based on radiation response characteristic is put forward. Retrieval radiance of each pixel is computed, and according to the variation of radiance, assemblage of pixels which are used to fit the correction curve are selected sub-regionally. The calibration curve is required by using the method of least squares fitting, then the image taken on the ground by area array color CCD camera is corrected, and the correction is better than the traditional two-point calibration method. The measurement results of the non-uniformity show that, after correction, the non-uniformity of integrating sphere image decreases to 4.3% or less, wherein the non-uniformity for red channel pixel is reduced to 1.79%, which can meet the requirements of engineering practice.