Author Affiliations
1Technology Innovation Centre for Laser 3D Printing Equipment and Applications (Liaoning Province), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China2Shenyang Blower Group Corporation, Shenyang 110869, Liaoning, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of laser cladding system
Fig. 2. Morphology of cladding powder. (a) Optical microscope picture; (b) scanning electron microscope picture
Fig. 3. Macroscopic morphology and penetrant test results of cladding layer at different laser powers
Fig. 4. Influence of laser power on parameters of cladding layer. (a) Height; (b) width; (c) depth; (d) dilution rate; (e) content of unmelted TiC; (f) porosity
Fig. 5. SEM images of the microstructure of the top, center, and bottom areas of the cladding layer at different laser powers
Fig. 6. Effect of laser power on the content of precipitated TiC in the cladding layer
Fig. 7. Effect of laser power on the secondary dendrite arm spacing of the cladding layer microstructure. (a) Precipitated TiC; (b) matrix
Fig. 8. Effect of laser power on the microstructure characteristics of the cladding layer. (a) Radar chart of the grey relational coefficient of each microstructure characteristics; (b) variation of the grey relational grade
Fig. 9. Effect of laser power on the hardness of the cladding layer. (a) Average hardness; (b) gradient for hardness
Fig. 10. Schematic diagram of the two dissolution mechanisms of TiC particles. (a) From the outside to the inside; (b) integral decompostion
Material | Mass fraction /% |
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C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Ni | Fe | Mo |
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304 stainless steel | ≤0.08 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.045 | ≤0.030 | ≤1.00 | 18.0-20.0 | 8.0-11.0 | Bal. | — | Ferro 55 | 0.35 | 1.1 | — | — | 0.3 | 7 | — | Bal. | 2.2 |
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Table 1. Chemical composition of the substrate and Ferro 55 alloy powder
Process parameter | 1# | 2# | 3# | 4# | 5# |
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Laser power /W | 1600 | 1700 | 1800 | 1900 | 2000 | Scanning speed /(mm·s-1) | 6 | Spot diameter /mm | 3 |
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Table 2. Laser cladding process parameters