A new quantum identity authentication scheme is proposed based on chaos. The scheme combines the extreme sensitivity to initial conditions and parameters of chaotic system and good pseudo-randomness of chaotic sequence with absolute security of quantum cryptography. It can resist the attack on initial values and parameters of chaotic system which is based on finite precision. In order to solve the chaotic iterative asynchronous problem, principle of quantum teleportation was used in the program implementation process. The scheme realizes the “one-time pad” authentication. The whole authentication process is simple in implementation with mobility and provable security.