Author Affiliations
1School of Information and Communication, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China2Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Navigation Technology and Application, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Comparison of different scattering phase functions with Petzold average particle phase function. (a) Semi-logarithmic coordinates; (b) double logarithmic coordinates
Fig. 2. Flow chart of Monte Carlo simulation
Fig. 3. Modeling of channel impulse response in different sea areas. (a) Different link distances in harbor; (b) different receiving apertures in coast; (c) different link distances in coast; (d) different AFOVs in harbor
Fig. 4. Modeling of channel impulse response at different initial pulse widths in different sea areas. (a) Coastal water; (b) harbor water
Phase function | Δβ |
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(0.1000°,5.000°) | (0.1000°,90.00°) | (90.00°,180.0°) | (0.1000°,180.0°) |
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HG | 18.55 | 26.62 | 39.88 | 36.16 | FFT | 0.56 | 10.36 | 17.82 | 29.22 |
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Table 1. Comparison of Δβ between each scattering function and Petzold particle phase function
Water type | /m-1 | /m-1 | /m-1 | ω0 | g |
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Ⅱ Coastal | 0.179 | 0.219 | 0.40 | 0.55 | 0.94 | Ⅲ Turbid Harbor | 0.366 | 1.824 | 2.19 | 0.83 | 0.92 |
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Table 2. Attenuation parameters, scattering albedo, and asymmetry factor in different water types
Water type | AFOV /(°) | d /inch | L /m | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | α | β |
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Harbor | 90 | 12 | 12 | 1.1560 | 0.3466 | 9.840×10-10 | 0.5751 | 0.7882 | 0.8901 | Harbor | 90 | 12 | 16 | 0.5510 | 0.1686 | 2.131×10-3 | 0.8361 | 0.8986 | 0.7957 | Coastal | 90 | 12 | 30 | 0.1669 | 1.9360 | 2.569 | 0.9751 | 0.6361 | 0.8901 | Coastal | 90 | 12 | 50 | 0.5031 | 0.2139 | 0.5812 | 0.8361 | 0.7368 | 1.9430 | Harbor | 30 | 12 | 10 | 0.4160 | 0.8866 | 2.100×10-4 | 0.3831 | 0.6812 | 0.9001 | Harbor | 60 | 12 | 10 | 1.3610 | 0.6986 | 3.131×10-3 | 0.7361 | 0.6986 | 0.8957 | Harbor | 90 | 12 | 10 | 1.6760 | 0.5516 | 9.110×10-10 | 0.6751 | 0.7382 | 0.9101 | Coastal | 90 | 8 | 45 | 0.2032 | 0.3872 | 3.610×10-3 | 0.4156 | 0.7145 | 2.7960 | Coastal | 90 | 12 | 45 | 0.3672 | 0.2686 | 3.131×10-3 | 0.8361 | 0.8126 | 2.8950 | Coastal | 90 | 16 | 45 | 0.8320 | 0.2816 | 1.260×10-3 | 1.6751 | 0.9382 | 1.9900 |
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Table 3. Parameters of WDGF in different UWOC channels
Water type | AFOV /(°) | d /inch | L /m | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | χ |
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Harbor | 90 | 12 | 12 | 1.0870 | 0.0227 | 0.02326 | 0.05623 | 2.51100 | Harbor | 90 | 12 | 16 | 0.4936 | 5.5870 | 0.05923 | 0.03623 | 0.04124 | Coastal | 90 | 12 | 30 | 1.5870 | 0.8027 | 0.00326 | 0.15620 | 0.91100 | Coastal | 90 | 12 | 50 | 0.3836 | 2.2090 | 0.05923 | 1.53600 | 3.91200 | Harbor | 30 | 12 | 10 | 0.1972 | 0.5828 | 0.03263 | 0.65160 | 1.35800 | Harbor | 60 | 12 | 10 | 0.6036 | 0.6095 | 1.56000 | 1.03700 | 0.25160 | Harbor | 90 | 12 | 10 | 0.9936 | 0.8152 | 0.42890 | 0.05676 | 2.03900 | Coastal | 90 | 8 | 45 | 0.0759 | 0.7832 | 0.02682 | 2.82900 | 2.86500 | Coastal | 90 | 12 | 45 | 0.1352 | 0.7011 | 1.67200 | 3.91600 | 2.91500 | Coastal | 90 | 16 | 45 | 0.6279 | 1.1660 | 0.21260 | 0.07363 | 3.81600 |
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Table 4. Parameters of MGF in different UWOC channels
Water type | AFOV /(°) | d /inch | L /m | RMSE of WDGF /% | RMSE of MGF /% |
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Harbor | 90 | 12 | 12 | 0.64 | 0.25 | Harbor | 90 | 12 | 16 | 1.22 | 0.60 | Coastal | 90 | 12 | 30 | 0.98 | 0.11 | Coastal | 90 | 12 | 50 | 1.99 | 1.07 | Harbor | 30 | 12 | 10 | 0.42 | 0.16 | Harbor | 60 | 12 | 10 | 1.19 | 0.33 | Harbor | 90 | 12 | 10 | 1.98 | 0.59 | Coastal | 90 | 8 | 45 | 1.17 | 1.01 | Coastal | 90 | 12 | 45 | 1.69 | 1.50 | Coastal | 90 | 16 | 45 | 2.19 | 1.77 |
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Table 5. Comparison of RMSE values of MGF and WDGF in different UWOC channels
Water type | AFOV /(°) | d /inch | L /m | ξ /ps | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | χ | RMSE /% |
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Harbor | 90 | 12 | 10 | 10 | 0.1836 | 3.2110 | 0.05923 | 2.963 | 2.9120 | 0.3900 | Harbor | 90 | 12 | 10 | 5000 | 0.9136 | 0.6096 | 0.06312 | 1.136 | 1.4130 | 1.2000 | Coastal | 90 | 12 | 36 | 10 | 0.3816 | 2.0630 | 1.98000 | 2.162 | 0.1226 | 0.3800 | Coastal | 90 | 12 | 36 | 5000 | 1.3030 | 0.5916 | 0.05321 | 1.157 | 0.5026 | 1.1300 |
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Table 6. MGF parameters and RMSE values in UWOC channels with different initial pulse widths