The skin is the largest organ of the human body, which plays an important role in barrier function, immune response, preventing water loss and excreting waste. Patients with large-scale severe skin injuries will die due to lack of adequate skin grafts. The development of 3D bioprinting technology provides a solution for the manufacture of transplantable skin. Firstly, the principles of skin wound repairing are described. Secondly, the bioinks, cells and main 3D bioprinting technologies used in skin wound repairing are compared. Then, the opto-electronic technologies involved are analyzed, and the challenges and future development of 3D bioprinting in the application of skin repair are summarized. Finally, the application requirements of opto-electronic technology in 3D bioprinting are proposed.