The optimization parameters of high-power, high-efficiency erbium-doped superfluorescent fiber source are designed. Using commercial erbium-doped fiber, focusing on the double-pass backward architecture, the influences of the fiber length on output power and spectrum width of fiber source are simulated firstly. Then the corresponding experiments are done to validate the simulation results, thus to confirm the initial optimization fiber length ranges. The influences of reflectivity on fiber source performance are studied theoretically. The optimized reflectivity is calculated and the output spectra of fiber source under this reflectivity are simulated. The influences of pump power on mean wavelength are studied experimentally and the optimized pump power is confirmed, and thus the final optimized fiber length is further achieved. With 110 mW pump power and 13.74 m fiber length, we obtain the high power fiber source of 46.9 mW with the pump efficiency as high as 42.6% and the spectrum width of 34.54 nm.