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    Journals >Journal of Natural Resources >Volume 35 >Issue 4 >Page 869 > Article
    • Journal of Natural Resources
    • Vol. 35, Issue 4, 869 (2020)
    Dynamic research on sustainable development of farmland-livestock production system based on emergy theory
    Huang HUANG1, Yu SHI1, Shan-shan RAN1, Hai-rong SU1, and Jin-e LIU1、2、*
    Author Affiliations
  • 1School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
  • 2Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China
    • show less
    DOI: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20200410 Cite this Article
    Huang HUANG, Yu SHI, Shan-shan RAN, Hai-rong SU, Jin-e LIU. Dynamic research on sustainable development of farmland-livestock production system based on emergy theory[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2020, 35(4): 869 Copy Citation Text show less
    Energy flow diagram of farmland-livestock production system in Dehua county
    Fig. 1. Energy flow diagram of farmland-livestock production system in Dehua county
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    Changes in farmland water use and cultivated land area in Dehua county from 2007 to 2016
    Fig. 2. Changes in farmland water use and cultivated land area in Dehua county from 2007 to 2016
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    Relationship between seed emergy input and per capita net income of farmers in Dehua county
    Fig. 3. Relationship between seed emergy input and per capita net income of farmers in Dehua county
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    Changes in output structure of farmland-livestock production system in Dehua county from 2007 to 2016
    Fig. 4. Changes in output structure of farmland-livestock production system in Dehua county from 2007 to 2016
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    Environmental pollution negative output and net output change of farmland-livestock production system in Dehua county from 2007 to 2016
    Fig. 5. Environmental pollution negative output and net output change of farmland-livestock production system in Dehua county from 2007 to 2016
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    Changes of emergy comprehensive index of farmland-livestock production system in Dehua county from 2007 to 2016
    Fig. 6. Changes of emergy comprehensive index of farmland-livestock production system in Dehua county from 2007 to 2016
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    评价指标表达式指标含义
    可更新环境资源R反映本地无偿使用的可更新自然资源投入
    不可更新环境资源N反映本地无偿使用的不可更新自然资源投入
    购买资源能值F反映来自系统外部的经济投入
    能值转换率（UEV）U/I反映系统对资源的利用效率
    净能值产出率（EYR）(Y-Y*)/ F反映系统的生产效率和市场竞争力
    能值投资率（EIR）F/(R+N)反映系统购买资源所占比例和自给程度
    人均能值用量（EPP）U/P反映人民生活水平
    能值密度（ED）U/A反映资源投入的大小和利用强度
    环境负载率（ELR）(N+F)/R衡量系统环境压力的大小
    可持续发展指数（ESI）EYR/ELR衡量系统生产的可持续发展能力
    可持续发展综合指数（EISD）EYR×EER/ELR反映系统的可持续发展综合效益
    改进的可持续发展综合指数EYR×EER/(ELR×WER)兼顾经济效益和环境影响的可持续发展指标
    Table 1. Comprehensive indicator system of farmland-livestock production system in Dehua county
    类型能量折算系数/(J/kg)能值转换率/(seJ/J或sej/g)类型能量折算系数/(J/kg)能值转换率/(seJ/J或sej/g)
    灌溉水4.94E+032.19E+05饲料—8.61E+11
    土壤有机质2.09E+049.40E+04稻谷1.51E+071.06E+05
    氮肥—5.87E+09甘薯4.20E+061.06E+05
    磷肥—2.26E+10马铃薯3.80E+061.06E+05
    钾肥—2.21E+09茶叶1.63E+072.54E+05
    复合肥—3.56E+09水果3.30E+066.74E+05
    农药—2.06E+09蔬菜2.50E+063.43E+04
    农膜—4.83E+08瓜果2.46E+063.13E+05
    农机—8.57E+09食用菌2.50E+063.43E+04
    柴油4.40E+078.39E+04猪肉2.00E+072.16E+06
    电力3.60E+062.02E+05牛肉9.00E+065.08E+06
    人力3.50E+094.83E+05羊肉1.28E+072.54E+06
    畜力1.89E+091.86E+05禽肉5.50E+062.54E+06
    有机肥1.35E+073.43E+04兔肉5.20E+065.08E+06
    种子/8.61E+11禽蛋8.40E+062.17E+06
    Table 2. Main input-output energy conversion coefficient and transformity of farmland-livestock production system
    主要农作物类型稻谷甘薯马铃薯蔬菜
    秸秆籽粒比0.930.860.460.10
    籽粒作饲料比例/%30.7067.5028.3023.30
    秸秆还田比例/%39.8844.0744.0744.07
    Table 3. Main crop production and consumption related parameters
    畜禽养殖类型猪牛羊兔鸡鸭
    粪便年排泄量/kg7307300547.5100.5818.2554.75
    尿液年排泄量/kg11003650274———
    粪便有机质含量/%15.014.528.028.025.526.2
    尿液有机质含量/%2.53.07.2———
    粪尿还田比例/%18.027.011.527.011.011.0
    Table 4. Relevant parameters of feces and urine returning from livestock and poultry subsystems
    参数类型数值参数类型数值
    化肥利用率/%35.20养殖污水排放系数/(kg/头/天)15.38
    养殖污水COD含量/(mg/L)17808COD单位治理成本/(元/t)1875.60
    养殖污水BOD含量/(mg/L)4000BOD单位治理成本/(元/t)385
    养殖污水氨氮含量/(mg/L)524氨氮单位治理成本/(元/t)468.90
    Table 5. Main calculation parameters of farmland production and livestock and poultry farming pollution
    项目2007年2008年2009年2010年2011年2012年2013年2014年2015年2016年
    太阳能8.40E+139.16E+131.00E+149.10E+139.79E+138.99E+131.07E+141.06E+149.29E+138.59E+13
    风能1.25E+151.25E+151.25E+151.25E+151.25E+151.25E+151.25E+151.25E+151.25E+151.25E+15
    雨水势能3.10E+152.76E+152.22E+153.71E+152.46E+153.32E+152.63E+152.44E+153.11E+154.34E+15
    雨水化学能2.13E+151.89E+151.52E+152.55E+151.69E+152.28E+151.81E+151.68E+152.14E+152.98E+15
    地球旋转能4.37E+144.37E+144.37E+144.37E+144.37E+144.37E+144.37E+144.37E+144.37E+144.37E+14
    灌溉水5.96E+155.94E+155.55E+155.36E+155.06E+153.88E+154.02E+153.98E+153.92E+153.38E+15
    可更新资源合计9.06E+158.70E+157.77E+159.08E+157.52E+157.20E+156.65E+156.42E+157.04E+157.72E+15
    表土损失能1.74E+141.74E+141.74E+141.74E+141.74E+141.74E+141.74E+141.74E+141.74E+141.74E+14
    不可更新资源合计1.74E+141.74E+141.74E+141.74E+141.74E+141.74E+141.74E+141.74E+141.74E+141.74E+14
    氮肥1.82E+151.48E+151.41E+151.33E+151.33E+156.34E+141.34E+151.31E+151.34E+151.33E+15
    磷肥2.56E+152.06E+152.20E+152.26E+152.27E+152.27E+152.32E+152.28E+152.33E+152.36E+15
    钾肥1.91E+141.70E+141.71E+141.63E+141.64E+141.64E+141.70E+141.65E+141.69E+141.73E+14
    复合肥4.55E+143.66E+143.71E+143.70E+143.71E+143.71E+143.86E+143.80E+143.88E+143.87E+14
    农药2.86E+132.64E+132.48E+132.43E+132.42E+132.40E+132.42E+132.30E+132.39E+132.37E+13
    农膜3.03E+123.07E+123.08E+122.98E+122.98E+123.01E+123.26E+123.36E+123.45E+123.45E+12
    柴油7.33E+137.25E+137.07E+137.08E+137.13E+137.43E+137.36E+137.45E+137.70E+138.02E+13
    机械4.92E+145.05E+145.21E+145.68E+145.68E+146.70E+146.71E+146.39E+149.00E+149.33E+14
    电力1.21E+141.27E+141.16E+148.53E+148.25E+146.53E+147.69E+147.05E+146.35E+146.51E+14
    种子1.09E+151.20E+151.18E+151.82E+153.17E+153.22E+154.04E+154.60E+155.30E+155.93E+15
    饲料9.29E+159.45E+157.28E+156.83E+158.89E+158.65E+159.08E+159.00E+157.44E+158.36E+15
    人力4.31E+154.17E+154.02E+154.00E+154.07E+153.98E+153.92E+153.30E+153.39E+153.28E+15
    服务1.69E+151.64E+151.50E+151.62E+151.74E+151.74E+151.55E+151.59E+151.73E+151.91E+15
    购买能值合计2.21E+162.13E+161.89E+161.99E+162.35E+162.25E+162.43E+162.41E+162.37E+162.54E+16
    能值投入合计3.14E+163.02E+162.68E+162.92E+163.12E+162.98E+163.12E+163.07E+163.09E+163.33E+16
    系统反馈能值2.75E+152.80E+152.71E+152.65E+152.72E+152.68E+152.66E+152.57E+152.54E+152.15E+15
    饲料粮1.60E+151.55E+151.56E+151.46E+151.50E+151.47E+151.45E+151.40E+151.32E+151.09E+15
    秸秆作饲料1.97E+142.70E+142.47E+142.58E+142.84E+142.74E+142.76E+142.70E+143.47E+142.44E+14
    农田对畜禽的作用1.80E+151.82E+151.81E+151.71E+151.79E+151.75E+151.73E+151.67E+151.66E+151.33E+15
    畜力1.71E+141.50E+141.14E+141.41E+141.37E+141.32E+141.30E+141.28E+141.37E+141.14E+14
    畜禽粪尿还田5.10E+145.54E+145.19E+145.27E+145.31E+145.35E+145.34E+145.03E+144.69E+144.53E+14
    畜禽对农田的作用6.81E+147.04E+146.33E+146.68E+146.69E+146.67E+146.64E+146.31E+146.06E+145.67E+14
    Table 6. Analysis of input emergy flow of farmland-livestock production system in Dehua county from 2007 to 2016 (sej·hm-2·a-1)
    项目2007年2008年2009年2010年2011年2012年2013年2014年2015年2016年
    稻谷4.24E+154.00E+154.10E+153.70E+153.87E+153.76E+153.67E+153.44E+153.14E+152.37E+15
    甘薯1.94E+142.10E+141.93E+142.18E+142.11E+142.11E+142.16E+142.33E+142.38E+142.40E+14
    马铃薯1.87E+142.17E+142.38E+142.32E+142.35E+142.38E+142.48E+142.58E+142.77E+142.79E+14
    茶叶9.08E+131.02E+141.04E+141.06E+141.19E+141.22E+141.28E+141.28E+141.35E+141.53E+14
    水果5.90E+156.03E+155.78E+155.84E+156.01E+156.11E+156.39E+156.44E+156.68E+157.03E+15
    蔬菜4.93E+145.01E+144.46E+144.53E+144.54E+144.65E+144.75E+144.76E+144.97E+145.06E+14
    瓜果2.89E+132.82E+134.28E+138.31E+138.94E+136.22E+136.36E+136.56E+136.70E+136.91E+13
    其他4.25E+133.80E+133.48E+133.89E+133.94E+134.69E+135.62E+135.99E+136.25E+135.90E+13
    农田系统产出1.12E+161.11E+161.09E+161.07E+161.10E+161.10E+161.12E+161.11E+161.11E+161.07E+16
    猪肉3.70E+163.79E+163.64E+163.67E+163.72E+163.78E+163.76E+163.52E+162.24E+162.04E+16
    牛肉1.35E+151.11E+151.21E+151.22E+151.29E+151.33E+151.46E+151.50E+151.68E+151.77E+15
    羊肉9.25E+148.07E+147.71E+148.19E+148.19E+148.53E+149.59E+149.90E+141.08E+151.11E+15
    禽肉1.32E+151.43E+151.41E+151.46E+151.46E+151.40E+151.20E+158.99E+148.79E+141.00E+15
    兔肉1.27E+151.02E+159.29E+149.39E+149.37E+149.67E+141.01E+151.04E+151.11E+151.15E+15
    禽蛋2.44E+152.42E+152.05E+152.08E+152.14E+152.21E+152.12E+152.01E+152.10E+152.14E+15
    蜂蜜7.21E+131.02E+146.51E+137.88E+131.01E+141.01E+141.02E+141.13E+141.21E+141.19E+14
    畜禽系统产出4.44E+164.48E+164.28E+164.33E+164.40E+164.46E+164.45E+164.18E+162.94E+162.77E+16
    能值产出合计5.56E+165.60E+165.37E+165.40E+165.50E+165.56E+165.57E+165.29E+164.05E+163.84E+16
    污染能值产出4.23E+153.67E+153.68E+153.67E+153.71E+153.27E+153.75E+153.65E+153.35E+153.30E+15
    系统净能值产出5.13E+165.23E+165.00E+165.03E+165.13E+165.24E+165.20E+164.92E+163.71E+163.51E+16
    Table 7. Analysis of output emergy flow of farmland-livestock production system in Dehua county from 2007 to 2016 (sej·hm-2·a-1)
    地区能值密度/(1012 sej·m-2)人均能值用量/1016 sej能值投资率净能值产出率环境负载率可持续发展指数
    德化县(2016年)3.331.723.221.383.320.42
    蒙阴县(2010年)0.820.2411.68*2.58*11.87*0.22
    恭城县(2009年)1.331.131.21*0.941.270.74
    盐城市(2010年)0.680.144.7811.124.920.97
    榆林市(2008年)0.070.970.782.280.832.76
    唐山市(2012年)—0.4235.50*4.1421.480.19
    福建省(2004年)0.510.291.731.581.890.84*
    湖南省(2012年)1.150.343.471.503.560.42
    甘肃省(2010年)0.14—2.300.922.520.34
    中国(2000年)0.54—1.112.082.720.77
    日本(2005年)6.47—11.31.09*13.80.08*
    坎帕尼亚(2010年)0.74—6.081.167.390.16
    Table 8. Emergy index of farmland-livestock production system in Dehua county in 2016 compared with other regions
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    Huang HUANG, Yu SHI, Shan-shan RAN, Hai-rong SU, Jin-e LIU. Dynamic research on sustainable development of farmland-livestock production system based on emergy theory[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2020, 35(4): 869
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