The present paper summarizes the characteristics of resonance Raman spectra of the linear polymer molecule, and its relations with the molecular structure, including: electronic spectra(ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum), Raman spectra characteristics and its relations with external field; Modulation relation between the electron energy gap and CC atom vibration; Several experimental results were obtained: The UV-visible absorption spectra are red-shifted with decreasing temperature, increasing solvent density and reducing solution concentration, and because the linear polymer molecule has high structured order, decreasing π electron energy gap; extended π electronic delocalization, large effective conjugation length, large intensity of the Raman activity, Raman spectrum are red-shifted, with large scattering cross section. “Amplitude modes” are the ideal theory models to study the linear polymer molecule.