Aiming at the problem of camera calibration of the linear array CCD camera vertical target, a filed self camera calibration method was presented. Firstly, the model of self camera calibration based on the principle of system measurement and the principle of optical imaging was built. And then, a kind of sub-pixel detection algorithm based on partial area effect was used to detect the target characteristic edge’s location in linear image. Finally, the least square was adopted to build the connection between image edge’s pixel coordinate and the corresponding edge’s real coordinate based on the function form of the self camera calibration model. Neither camera’s intrinsic and extrinsic parameters need to be evaluated nor the camera need to be separated from the system through the camera calibration process, so this method has high efficiency with reducing the complexity of calibration. Experimental results show that the proposed cameral calibration method has high precision to meet the demand for project application.