The generation of chaos in single-ring erbium-doped fiber laser (SREDFL) is investigated by using the delay phase-shift feedback. Chaos generation is realized in the SREDFL by properly adjusting the parameters such as the feedback coefficient, the phase-shift, and the delay time. The routes of chaos generation and the parameter ranges of the chaotic states are given. Moreover the chaotic synchronization of two SREDFLs is investigated by using the method of chaotic signal driving. The results show that no matter the original driven systems are in chaotic state or periodic state, the chaotic synchronization can be completed by appropriately adjusting the driving intensity. Furthermore, the chaos synchronization quality is analyzed by using the correlation coefficient.