The latest research results and applications of superpixel algorithms and evaluation indexes are summarized. Many superpixel methods are compared by using the evaluation indexes such as boundary recall, under-segmentation error rate, and compactness. The corresponding advantages and limitations are also analyzed. The experimental results show that the current superpixel methods are greatly superior to the previous methods in terms of accuracy and efficiency, and the applications of superpixel algorithms are growing constantly. However, it remains difficult to satisfy the requirements of the superpixel performances in some special applications. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the new methods that are more robust and have better adaptability.