A batch of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy technologies have been invented to overcome the diffraction limit of traditional optical microscopy. It thereby greatly enhances the capacity of sub-cellular structure investigation. Among these super-resolution microscopy, Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (STORM) based on single molecule localization has attracted more and more attention by researchers due to its straightforward principle, simple operation mode as well as super-high resolution. First, the basic principle of single molecule localization was introduced, the design of the light path of STORM was discussed, and the principles of 2D-STORM and 3D-STORM were provided. Then, the development of multi-color imaging as well as correlative STORM and electron microscopy were discussed. Finally, some recent typical researches depending on STORM were presented.