Aerosol is one of the important contribution sources of air pollution, which affects the global radiation balance and climate change. At present, active and passive remote sensing satellites(such as MODIS and CALIPSO) have relative low temporal resolution to obtain global aerosol information.MERRA-2, a global reanalysis data, can obtain high temporal resolution 3-D aerosol distribution, but the quality of MERRA -2 aerosol product is still need to be evaluated. Thus, this study verified the accuracy of MERRA-2 data in central and eastern China(especially in areas with heavy human pollution) by cross-comparing the three-dimensional profiles of extinction coefficient of MERRA-2 and CALIPSO. Results show that the extinction coefficients of MERRA-2 and CALIPSO have a good overall correlation(0.79), of which the two datasets have the highest correlation in autumn(0.82), followed by summer and winter(0.81 and 0.80), and the lowest correlation in spring(0.77). As the atmosphere becomes cleaner along with the altitude increasing, the correlation coefficient between MERRA-2 and CALIPSO declined from 0.78 to 0.52, and the standard deviation declined from 0.028 to 0.0014. The above results demonstrate that MERRA-2 can provide more accurate 3-D aerosol information under heavy pollution. Meanwhile, the extinction coefficients of MERRA-2 and CALIPSO are not greatly affected by the type of aerosol.