• Photonics Research
  • Vol. 5, Issue 2, 134 (2017)
Xinbai Li1, Fenghe Yang1, Fang Zhong1, Qingzhong Deng1, Jurgen Michel2, and Zhiping Zhou1、*
Author Affiliations
  • 1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
  • 2MIT Microphotonics Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
  • show less
    DOI: 10.1364/PRJ.5.000134 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Xinbai Li, Fenghe Yang, Fang Zhong, Qingzhong Deng, Jurgen Michel, Zhiping Zhou. Single-drive high-speed lumped depletion-type modulators toward 10  fJ/bit energy consumption[J]. Photonics Research, 2017, 5(2): 134 Copy Citation Text show less
    References

    [1] D. Miller. Device requirements for optical interconnects to silicon chips. Proc. IEEE, 97, 1166-1185(2009).

    [2] X. Li, Q. Deng, Z. Zhou. Low loss, high-speed single-mode half-disk resonator. Opt. Lett., 39, 3810-3813(2014).

    [3] J. C. Rosenberg, W. M. Green, S. Assefa, D. M. Gill, T. Barwicz. A 25  Gbps silicon microring modulator based on an interleaved junction. Opt. Express, 20, 26411-26423(2012).

    [4] S. Manipatruni, K. Preston, L. Chen, M. Lipson. Ultra-low voltage, ultra-small mode volume silicon microring modulator. Opt. Express, 18, 18235-18242(2010).

    [5] E. Timurdogan, C. M. Sorace-Agaskar, J. Sun, E. Shah Hosseini, A. Biberman, M. R. Watts. An ultralow power athermal silicon modulator. Nat. Commun., 5, 4008(2014).

    [6] H. Xu, X. Li, X. Xiao, Z. Li, Y. Yu, J. Yu. Demonstration and characterization of high-speed silicon depletion-mode Mach–Zehnder modulators. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., 20, 23-32(2014).

    [7] Y. Yang, Q. Fang, M. Yu, X. Tu, R. Rusli, G. Lo. High-efficiency Si optical modulator using Cu travelling-wave electrode. Opt. Express, 22, 29978-29985(2014).

    [8] H. Yu, M. Pantouvaki, J. Van Campenhout, D. Korn, K. Komorowska, P. Dumon, Y. Li, P. Verheyen, P. Absil, L. Alloatti, D. Hillerkuss, J. Leuthold, R. Baets, W. Bogaerts. Performance tradeoff between lateral and interdigitated doping patterns for high-speed carrier-depletion based silicon modulators. Opt. Express, 20, 12926-12938(2012).

    [9] A. Brimont, D. J. Thomson, F. Y. Gardes, J. M. Fedeli, G. T. Reed, J. Martí, P. Sanchis. High-contrast 40  Gb/s operation of a 500  μm long silicon carrier-depletion slow wave modulator. Opt. Lett., 37, 3504-3506(2012).

    [10] H. Yu, W. Bogaerts. An equivalent circuit model of the traveling wave electrode for carrier-depletion-based silicon optical modulators. J. Lightwave Technol., 30, 1602-1609(2012).

    [11] R. Becker. Broad-band guided-wave electrooptic modulators. IEEE J. Quantum Electron., 20, 723-727(1984).

    [12] J. Ding, H. Chen, L. Yang, L. Zhang, R. Ji, Y. Tian, W. Zhu, Y. Lu, P. Zhou, R. Min, M. Yu. Ultra-low-power carrier-depletion Mach–Zehnder silicon optical modulator. Opt. Express, 20, 7081-7087(2012).

    [13] T. Baehr-Jones, R. Ding, Y. Liu, A. Ayazi, T. Pinguet, N. Harris, M. Streshinsky, P. Lee, Y. Zhang, A. Lim, T. Liow, S. Teo, G. Lo, M. Hochberg. Ultralow drive voltage silicon traveling-wave modulator. Opt. Express, 20, 12014-12020(2012).

    [14] J. Ding, R. Ji, L. Zhang, L. Yang. Electro-optical response analysis of a 40  Gb/s silicon Mach–Zehnder optical modulator. J. Lightwave Technol., 31, 2434-2440(2013).

    [15] M. R. Watts, W. A. Zortman, D. C. Trotter, R. W. Young, A. L. Lentine. Low-voltage, compact, depletion-mode, silicon Mach–Zehnder modulator. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., 16, 159-164(2010).

    [16] M. A. Webster, K. Lakshmikumar, C. Appel, C. Muzio, B. Dama, K. Shastri. Low-power MOS-capacitor based silicon photonic modulators and CMOS drivers. Optical Fiber Communication Conference, W4H.3(2015).

    [17] D. Patel, V. Veerasubramanian, S. Ghosh, A. Samani, Q. Zhong, D. V. Plant. High-speed compact silicon photonic Michelson interferometric modulator. Opt. Express, 22, 26788-26802(2014).

    [18] S. Koeber, R. Palmer, M. Lauermann, W. Heni, D. L. Elder, D. Korn, M. Woessner, L. Alloatti, S. Koenig, P. C. Schindler, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, L. R. Dalton, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, C. Koos. Femtojoule electro-optic modulation using a silicon-organic hybrid device. Light Sci. Appl., 4, e255(2015).

    [19] L. Alloatti, R. Palmer, S. Diebold, K. P. Pahl, B. Chen, R. Dinu, M. Fournier, J. Fedeli, T. Zwick, W. Freude, C. Koos, J. Leuthold. 100  GHz silicon-organic hybrid modulator. Light Sci. Appl., 3, e173(2014).

    [20] J. Clark, G. Lanzani. Organic photonics for communications. Nat. Photonics, 4, 438-446(2010).

    [21] C. Haffner, W. Heni, Y. Fedoryshyn, J. Niegemann, A. Melikyan, D. L. Elder, B. Baeuerle, Y. Salamin, A. Josten, U. Koch, C. Hoessbacher, F. Ducry, L. Juchli, A. Emboras, D. Hillerkuss, M. Kohl, L. R. Dalton, C. Hafner, J. Leuthold. All-plasmonic Mach–Zehnder modulator enabling optical high-speed communication at the microscale. Nat. Photonics, 9, 525-528(2015).

    [22] A. Melikyan, L. Alloatti, A. Muslija, D. Hillerkuss, P. C. Schindler, J. Li, R. Palmer, D. Korn, S. Muehlbrandt, D. Van Thourhout, B. Chen, R. Dinu, M. Sommer, C. Koos, M. Kohl, W. Freude, J. Leuthold. High-speed plasmonic phase modulators. Nat. Photonics, 8, 229-233(2014).

    [23] B. Pile, G. Taylor. Small-signal analysis of microring resonator modulators. Opt. Express, 22, 14913-14928(2014).

    [24] H. Yu, D. Ying, M. Pantouvaki, J. Van Campenhout, P. Absil, Y. Hao, J. Yang, X. Jiang. Trade-off between optical modulation amplitude and modulation bandwidth of silicon micro-ring modulators. Opt. Express, 22, 15178-15189(2014).

    [25] T. Li, J. Zhang, H. Yi, W. Tan, Q. Long, Z. Zhou, X. Wang, H. Wu. Low-voltage, high speed, compact silicon modulator for BPSK modulation. Opt. Express, 21, 23410-23415(2013).

    [26] J. Wang, L. Zhou, H. Zhu, R. Yang, Y. Zhou, L. Liu, T. Wang, J. Chen. Silicon high-speed binary phase-shift keying modulator with a single-drive push-pull high-speed traveling wave electrode. Photon. Res., 3, 58-62(2015).

    [27] L. Chen, P. Dong, Y.-K. Chen. Chirp and dispersion tolerance of a single-drive push-pull silicon modulator at 28  Gb/s. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 24, 936-938(2012).

    [28] X. Li, X. Xiao, H. Xu, Z. Li, T. Chu, J. Yu, Y. Yu. Highly efficient silicon Michelson interferometer modulators. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 25, 407-409(2013).

    [29] D. Samara-Rubio, U. D. Keil, L. Liao, T. Franck, A. Liu, D. W. Hodge, D. Rubin, R. Cohen. Customized drive electronics to extend silicon optical modulators to 4  GB/s. J. Lightwave Technol., 23, 4305-4314(2005).

    [30] G. T. Reed, G. Mashanovich, F. Y. Gardes, D. J. Thomson. Silicon optical modulators. Nat. Photonics, 4, 518-526(2010).

    [31] G. T. Reed, G. Z. Mashanovich, F. Y. Gardes, M. Nedeljkovic, Y. Hu, D. J. Thomson, K. Li, P. R. Wilson, S. Chen, S. S. Hsu. Recent breakthroughs in carrier depletion based silicon optical modulators. Nanophotonics, 3, 229-245(2014).

    [32] T. Usuki. Robust optical data transfer on silicon photonic chip. J. Lightwave Technol., 30, 2933-2940(2012).

    [33] Z. Zhou, B. Yin, Q. Deng, X. Li, J. Cui. Lowering the energy consumption in silicon photonic devices and systems [invited]. Photon. Res., 3, B28-B46(2015).

    [34] M. Webster, P. Gothoskar, V. Patel, D. Piede, S. Anderson, R. Tummidi, D. Adams, C. Appel, P. Metz, S. Sunder, B. Dama, K. Shastri. An efficient MOS-capacitor based silicon modulator and CMOS drivers for optical transmitters. IEEE 11th International Conference on Group IV Photonics (GFP), 1-2(2014).

    CLP Journals

    [1] Marco Passoni, Dario Gerace, Liam O’Faolain, Lucio Claudio Andreani. Optimizing an interleaved p-n junction to reduce energy dissipation in silicon slow-light modulators[J]. Photonics Research, 2020, 8(4): 457

    [2] Abdul Rahim, Artur Hermans, Benjamin Wohlfeil, Despoina Petousi, Bart Kuyken, Dries Van Thourhout, Roel Baets. Taking silicon photonics modulators to a higher performance level: state-of-the-art and a review of new technologies[J]. Advanced Photonics, 2021, 3(2): 024003

    [3] Kai Liu, Huize Fan, Yongqing Huang, Xiaofeng Duan, Qi Wang, Xiaomin Ren, Qi Wei, Shiwei Cai. A pair of integrated optoelectronic transceiving chips for optical interconnects[J]. Chinese Optics Letters, 2018, 16(9): 091301

    Xinbai Li, Fenghe Yang, Fang Zhong, Qingzhong Deng, Jurgen Michel, Zhiping Zhou. Single-drive high-speed lumped depletion-type modulators toward 10  fJ/bit energy consumption[J]. Photonics Research, 2017, 5(2): 134
    Download Citation